CPN Test Neurology
Questions Grade A+
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Overview - ANSWERS*Can result from strabismus (crossed eyes)
*Can result in vision loss from disuse of ey
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Assessment - ANSWERS*Assess for decreased visual acuity in the affected
eye
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Intervention - ANSWERS*Patch the healthy eye
*Identify and refer for treatment prior to age 6 yrs for best results
Impaired Hearing: Overview @ birth - ANSWERS*Ability to hear influences communication,
speech, and intellectual functioning
*Hearing is fully developed at birth
*Hearing loss; Two types:
-Conductive (middle ear)
-Sensorineural (inner ear or eigthth cranial nerve)
**Etiology from most to least common in children:
-prematurity (most common)
-congenitally acquired CMV infection
-Otitis media
-Meningitis
-Genetic conditions or syndromes (Least Common)
-Cerumen accumulation decreases auditory acuity
,3 months eyes and ears
Impaired Hearing; Assessment - ANSWERS*Note if child fails to react to or turn head towards
sound *usually turns head to rattle @ 3 months
*Assess speech development
-will not develop recognizable speech
-may stay at babbling stage or show decreased babbling
*Review hx
-Prematurity
-Infection (rubella, syphilis)
-Toxicity (ototoxic drugs, serum bilirubin > 20mg/dl)
-Repeated otitis media
Impaired Hearing: Intervention - ANSWERS*Promote communication;
-Sign language
-encourage face-to-face communication to develop lip-reading
-wait for child's attention before speaking
-decrease additional noise
-demonstrate procedures and treatment
-apply hearing aid for conductive hearing loss
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Overview - ANSWERS*A group of permanent disorders of the development
of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive
disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain.
*Etiologies:
-Unknown prenatal factors (70-80%)
-Anoxia
, -Infection
-Trauma
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Assessment - ANSWERS*Delayed gross motor development
*Abnormal motor performance
*Altered muscle tone
*Abnormal postures
*Reflex abnormalities
*Associated disabilities and problems
*Intellectual disability seen in <1/2 of kids w/ CP
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Intervention - ANSWERS*Assistance w/ locomotion, communication and
educational opportunities
*Provide range of motion and body alignment
*Provide age-appropriate cognitive activities and incentives for motor development
*Refer child for speech, nutrition, and physical therapy
*Promote positive self-concept
Downs Syndrome (Trisomy 21); Overview - ANSWERSCongenital condition characterized by
intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and other defects (ie congenital heart defects)
Cause: Genetic nondisjunction, with 3 chromosomes on the 21st pair
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21); Assessments - ANSWERS*Flat, broad forehead
*hypotonia
*Intellectual disability
*protruding tongue (due to small oral cavity)
*short stature
Questions Grade A+
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Overview - ANSWERS*Can result from strabismus (crossed eyes)
*Can result in vision loss from disuse of ey
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Assessment - ANSWERS*Assess for decreased visual acuity in the affected
eye
Amblyopia (Lazy Eye); Intervention - ANSWERS*Patch the healthy eye
*Identify and refer for treatment prior to age 6 yrs for best results
Impaired Hearing: Overview @ birth - ANSWERS*Ability to hear influences communication,
speech, and intellectual functioning
*Hearing is fully developed at birth
*Hearing loss; Two types:
-Conductive (middle ear)
-Sensorineural (inner ear or eigthth cranial nerve)
**Etiology from most to least common in children:
-prematurity (most common)
-congenitally acquired CMV infection
-Otitis media
-Meningitis
-Genetic conditions or syndromes (Least Common)
-Cerumen accumulation decreases auditory acuity
,3 months eyes and ears
Impaired Hearing; Assessment - ANSWERS*Note if child fails to react to or turn head towards
sound *usually turns head to rattle @ 3 months
*Assess speech development
-will not develop recognizable speech
-may stay at babbling stage or show decreased babbling
*Review hx
-Prematurity
-Infection (rubella, syphilis)
-Toxicity (ototoxic drugs, serum bilirubin > 20mg/dl)
-Repeated otitis media
Impaired Hearing: Intervention - ANSWERS*Promote communication;
-Sign language
-encourage face-to-face communication to develop lip-reading
-wait for child's attention before speaking
-decrease additional noise
-demonstrate procedures and treatment
-apply hearing aid for conductive hearing loss
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Overview - ANSWERS*A group of permanent disorders of the development
of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive
disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain.
*Etiologies:
-Unknown prenatal factors (70-80%)
-Anoxia
, -Infection
-Trauma
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Assessment - ANSWERS*Delayed gross motor development
*Abnormal motor performance
*Altered muscle tone
*Abnormal postures
*Reflex abnormalities
*Associated disabilities and problems
*Intellectual disability seen in <1/2 of kids w/ CP
Cerebral Palsy (CP); Intervention - ANSWERS*Assistance w/ locomotion, communication and
educational opportunities
*Provide range of motion and body alignment
*Provide age-appropriate cognitive activities and incentives for motor development
*Refer child for speech, nutrition, and physical therapy
*Promote positive self-concept
Downs Syndrome (Trisomy 21); Overview - ANSWERSCongenital condition characterized by
intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and other defects (ie congenital heart defects)
Cause: Genetic nondisjunction, with 3 chromosomes on the 21st pair
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21); Assessments - ANSWERS*Flat, broad forehead
*hypotonia
*Intellectual disability
*protruding tongue (due to small oral cavity)
*short stature
