MN551 Unit 10 Final Exam (Verion-2) / MN 551 Unit 10 Final Exam : Kaplan University | Newest 2020, GRADE A, 100% Correct

MN551 Unit 10 Final Exam / MN 551 Unit 10 Final Exam (Latest): Kaplan University MN551 Week 10 Final Exam / MN 551 Week 10 Final Exam (Latest): Kaplan University Question 1 2 / 2 points A student is feeling inside her backpack to find her mobile phone, which has fallen to the bottom, and there are a number of items in the bag in addition to the phone. Which of the following components of somatosensory conduction is most likely to provide the detailed sensory information that will help her distinguish her phone from other items? Question options: The primary dorsal root ganglion neuron, the dorsal column neuron, and the thalamic neuron A slow-conducting pathway that projects into the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus The opposite anterolateral pathway that travels to the reticular activating system A bilateral, multisynaptic, slow-conducting tract Question 2 2 / 2 points A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? Question options: Centrilobular necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels Allergic inflammation accompanied by an increase in serum IgE and basophils Cholestatic reaction with increased bilirubin count Rapid onset of hepatitis and increased GGT, ALT, and bilirubin levels Question 3 2 / 2 points A nurse practitioner and social worker are facilitating a family meeting for the children and wife of a 79-year-old man who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. What goal of treatment will the clinicians most likely prioritize in their interactions with the family? Question options: Modest reversal of brain plaque formation and improved symptomatology through cholinesterase inhibitors Surgical treatment of the ischemic changes that underlie the manifestations of the man's disease The use of medications such as donepezil and rivastigmine to slow the progression of the disease Cognitive and behavioral therapy to counteract the agitation, depression, and suspiciousness associated with Alzheimer disease. Question 4 2 / 2 points A 40-year-old woman has been found to have a deficiency in estrogen. Which of the following physiological phenomena is most likely to remain unaffected? Question options: Parathyroid hormone antagonism and the rate of bone resorption The regulation of uterine endothelial development The maintenance of normal skin and blood vessel structure The synthesis and release of adrenal glucocorticoids Question 5 2 / 2 points Following the identification of low levels of T3 and T4 coupled with the presence of a goiter, a 28-year-old female has been diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. In light of this diagnosis, which of the following assessment results would constitute an unexpected finding? Question options: The presence of myxedema in the woman's face and extremities Recent weight gain despite a loss of appetite and chronic fatigue Coarse, dry skin and hair with decreased sweat production Increased white cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation Question 6 2 / 2 points Laparoscopic knee surgery on a 22-year-old basketball player has necessitated entry into the synovial cavity. The surgeon performing the procedure would be aware of which of the following relevant characteristics of synovial tissue? Question options: Synovial tissue has a slow rate of healing compared to muscle tissue. Damage to synovial tissue is known to be excruciatingly painful. The synovial membrane lacks direct blood supply, precluding bleeding into the joint. Few pain receptors are located in the synovial membrane. Question 7 2 / 2 points Having heard positive reports of the benefits of HT from her sister-in-law and friends, a 49-year-old woman has presented to her nurse practitioner asking to start HT. Her uterus is intact and previous bone scans have indicated low bone density. The patient also has a family history of heart disease. She characterizes her symptoms of menopause as “noticeable, but not debilitating by any means.” Based on the most current research, what is her nurse practitioner's best course of action? Question options: Begin estrogen-progesterone HT (EPT) to prevent future menopausal symptoms and coronary heart disease (CHD) Forgo HT in light of her preexisting low bone density and consequent risk of osteoporosis Forgo HT but consider alternative therapies and reevaluate if her symptoms significantly affect her quality of life Begin low-dose HT but perform regular breast cancer screening and heart health checks Question 8 2 / 2 points A 13-year-old female is undergoing rapid development of her breasts after experiencing menarche several months ago. Which of the following hormones are NOT active in the development of her breasts? Question options: Prolactin Oxytocin Estrogen Follicle-stimulating hormone Progesterone Question 9 2 / 2 points An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the effects of increased levels of GH. Which of the following teaching points about the patient's future health risks is most accurate? Question options: “It's not unusual for unusually high GH levels to cause damage to your hypothalamus.” “GH excess inhibits your pancreas from producing enough insulin.” “The high levels of GH that circulate in your body can result in damage to your liver.” “When your pituitary gland is enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies. Question 10 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining homeostasis? Question options: The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the loss of the adrenal glands. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function. Question 11 2 / 2 points A 41-year-old woman has been diagnosed as having a loose body of cartilage in her left knee. What data would be most likely to lead clinicians to this conclusion? Question options: A visible hematoma is present on the anterior portion of the knee. The woman experiences intermittent, painful locking of her joint. Computed tomography indicates a complete tear of her knee ligament. An X-ray shows that her femoral head and tibia are no longer articulated. Question 12 2 / 2 points Following exposure to poison oak while camping, a 20-year-old male is experiencing pruritus as a consequence of his immune response to irritants in the plant. What physiologic process best accounts for his complaint? Question options: His body is communicating a low-level pain response as a protective measure. Free nerve endings are initiating an itch-specific signal to the somatosensory cortex. Local irritation of Langerhans cells is sending signals by way of myelinated type C nerve fibers. Ruffini corpuscles are transmitting the message of pruritis to the cerebral cortex. Question 13 2 / 2 points Which of the following phenomena constitutes a component of axonal transport? Question options: Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport allow for the communication of nerve impulses between a neuron and the central nervous system (CNS). Materials can be transported to the nerve terminal by either fast or slow components. The unidirectional nature of the axonal transport system protects the CNS against potential pathogens. Axonal transport facilitates the movement of electrical impulses but precludes the transport of molecular materials. Question 14 2 / 2 points A patient with a new diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is unclear about how the body can control the levels of different hormones over time. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the dominant regulation process of hormone levels in the body? Question options: A positive feedback cycle ensures that stable levels of hormones exist in the body over time. With input from various sensors, hormone production and release are adjusted based on existing hormone levels. The hypothalamus ensures that hormone levels correspond accurately to the diurnal cycle. The pituitary gland is genetically programmed to stimulate and inhibit hormone production and/or release based on needs at different points in the life cycle. Question 15 2 / 2 points As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a physical examination. Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from an intake interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? Question options: “Do you remember when your last menstrual period was? “Have you noticed any new hair growth on your body in the last several months?” “Have you had any episodes of shortness of breath in the recent past?” “Can you tell me about some of the habits that you have related to food in your daily routine?” Question 16 2 / 2 points Which of the following patients on a hospital medical unit is most clearly demonstrating the signs and symptoms of liver failure? Question options: A 44-year-old man with low hemoglobin levels, low platelet levels, and spider angiomas A 50-year-old woman with blood pressure of 189/103, jaundice, and multiple thromboses A 68-year-old female patient with sudden onset of confusion, a history of alcohol abuse, and low levels of serum AST and ALT A 55-year-old man with ascites, fever, and recent onset of atrial fibrillation Question 17 2 / 2 points A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the care team first suspect? Question options: Overuse of aspirin Alcohol consumption Staphylococcal enterotoxins Effects of Helicobacter pylori Question 18 2 / 2 points A female toddler has been diagnosed with toeing-in (metatarsus adductus). What teaching should the nurse practitioner provide to the parents of the child about her diagnosis? Question options: “She will likely walk later than most children, but it will resolve itself with time.” “We'll likely need to start putting the first of a series of casts on her legs quite soon.” “The best time to perform the surgery that's needed will be at age three or four.” “While there's no effective treatment for her toeing-in, most children learn to accommodate the problem and walk independently.” Question 19 2 / 2 points A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which of the following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for compared with individuals with a BMI below 25? Question options: Cardiac arrhythmias Osteoarthritis Multiple sclerosis Atelectasis Gallbladder disease Insulin resistance Question 20 2 / 2 points A 51-year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of perimenopause and has sought help from her nurse practitioner. Doctors have confirmed a deficiency in estrogen levels as a contributing factor. Which of the following phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health problem? Question options: Sufficient synthesis of estrogen but inadequate vesicle-mediated release Inadequate synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of her ovarian cells Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant cells A lack of prohormone precursors needed for estrogen synthesis and release Question 21 2 / 2 points Long, stretchy cervical mucus that exhibits ferning on a microscope slide is characteristic of which of the following? Question options: High LH levels Low estrogen levels High progesterone levels Low human chorionic gonadotropin levels Question 22 2 / 2 points A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for her? Question options: Lamivudine Peginterferon and ribavirin Interferon-alfa-2b Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs Question 23 2 / 2 points A 74-year-old female has been diagnosed with osteoporosis after her bone density scan indicated osteopenia. Which of the following factors would her care team be most likely to rule out as contributors to her health problem? Question options: The woman is African American and was exposed to asbestos in her work. She has been a heavy drinker for her whole adult life and has diabetes mellitus. The patient takes corticosteroids for treatment of her long-standing osteoarthritis. The woman has an estrogen deficiency and has never undergone hormone therapy. Question 24 2 / 2 points A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina bifida occulta. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes has most likely contributed to the infant's health problem? Question options: The vertebral arches around his neural tube have failed to completely close. The infant's spinal cord and meninges protrude through his skin. The child's central and peripheral nervous systems have insufficiently differentiated during embryonic development. The infant's soma and viscera are underdeveloped. Question 25 2 / 2 points Chronic anxiety and stress contribute to ulcers. Which of the following effects of the sympathetic nervous system is most responsible for this effect? Question options: Inhibition of the actions of Brunner glands Overstimulation of the oxyntic glands Suppression of cholecystokinin Inflammation of the parotid glands Question 26 2 / 2 points A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been informed by his nurse practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the following clinical conclusions based on these data would his nurse be most justified in rejecting? Question options: Further investigation of his nutritional status is needed to supplement the BMI value. The patient faces an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. He is classified as being obese, likely as the result of the interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors. The patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health. Question 27 2 / 2 points Which of the following pathophysiologic phenomena would be most indicative of ankylosing spondylitis? Question options: Loss of motion in the spinal column and eventual kyphosis A progressive loss of range of motion in knee and hip joints A facial “butterfly rash” and multiorgan involvement Decreased bone density in long bones Question 28 2 / 2 points A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom? Question options: Burning Itching Photophobia Severe pain Question 29 2 / 2 points Following a progressive onset of fatigue, aching, and joint stiffness over the last 2 years, a 69-year-old male has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following teaching points should his primary care nurse practitioner include during the office visit in which this diagnosis is communicated to the patient? Question options: “The symptoms you've been experiencing are the result of damage inside your joints, but I'll start you on medications that will reverse this damage.” “It's important that you maximize your level of activity, since decreasing your mobility will worsen the disease.” “The best treatment plan is to try all other available treatments before resorting to using medications.” “Steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs that I'll prescribe will likely bring some relief of your symptoms.” Question 30 2 / 2 points A 17-year-old male experienced third-degree, full-thickness burns to his lower limbs after a fire at his workplace 2 days ago. Which of the following complications should his care team NOT foresee and regularly assess for? Question options: Systemic infection Increased cardiac output Respiratory dysfunction Hypermetabolic response Constipation and Bowel obstruction Question 31 2 / 2 points A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem? Question options: The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis She may have been born with infantile cataracts The child may have a neural pathway disorder Question 32 2 / 2 points The unique clinical presentation of a three-month-old infant in the emergency department leads the care team to suspect botulism. Which of the following assessment questions posed to the parents is likely to be most useful in the differential diagnosis? Question options: “Have you ever given your child any honey or honey-containing products?” “Is there any family history of neuromuscular diseases?” “Has your baby ever been directly exposed to any chemical cleaning products?” “Is there any mold in your home that you know of?” Question 33 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the body? Question options: Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters. Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis. Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one effect on one specific system or tissue. Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland. Question 34 2 / 2 points A 48-year-old male has a new diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which of the following processes underlies the deficits that accompany the degeneration of myelin in his peripheral nervous system (PNS)? Question options: The destruction of myelin causes fewer Schwann cells to be produced in the patient's PNS. The axonal transport system is compromised by the lack of myelin surrounding nerve cells. Nerve cells lack insulation and impulse conduction is compromised by the destruction of myelin. A deficit of myelin predisposes the patient to infection by potential pathogens. Question 35 2 / 2 points A newborn male has been diagnosed with hypospadias following his postpartum assessment by a nurse practitioner. Which of the following diagnostics and treatment options is the nurse practitioner most likely to rule out first? Question options: Chromosomal studies Circumcision Surgical repair Testosterone supplementation Question 36 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of normal spermatogenesis? Question options: Testosterone chemically lyses each primary spermatocyte into two secondary spermatocytes with 23 chromosomes each. Sertoli cells differentiate into spermatids, each of which can contribute half of the chromosomes necessary for reproduction. Spermatogonia adjacent to the tubular wall undergo meiotic division and provide a continuous source of new germinal cells. Each primary spermatocyte undergoes two nuclear divisions, yielding four cells with 23 chromosomes each. Question 37 2 / 2 points A 30-year-old woman has sought care because of her recurrent photophobia, tearing, and eye irritation. During assessment, her care provider asks about any history of cold sores or genital herpes. What is the rationale for the care provider's line of questioning? Question options: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) conjunctivitis indicates a need for antiviral rather than antibacterial treatment. HSV infection of the cornea is a common cause of corneal ulceration and blindness. Chronic viral infection of the eyes can result in HSV autoinoculation of the mouth and labia. A history of HSV with eye irritation is suggestive of glaucoma. Question 38 2 / 2 points A patient in the intensive care unit who has a brain tumor has experienced a sharp decline. The care team suspects that water and protein have crossed the blood–brain barrier and been transferred from the vascular space into the patient's interstitial space. Which of the following diagnoses best captures this pathophysiology? Question options: Focal hypoxia Cytotoxic edema Hydrocephalus Vasogenic edema Question 39 2 / 2 points Which of the following hormones are derivatives of cholesterol? Question options: Epinephrine and norepinephrine Insulin and glucagon Aldosterone and testosterone Eicosanoids and retinoids Question 40 2 / 2 points When a 4-year-old boy stands erect with his medial malleoli touching, the distance between his knees is two inches. What is the child's most likely diagnosis and treatment? Question options: Genu varum, which can be treated by bracing Flatfoot, which will require orthopedic shoes Genu valgum, necessitating a series of surgeries Femoral torsion, which will spontaneously resolve before puberty Question 41 2 / 2 points A 71-year-old man has visited his nurse practitioner for a check-up, during which the nurse practitioner has initiated a discussion about the patient's sexual function. Which of the following phenomena would the nurse practitioner most likely consider a pathological rather than an age-related change? Question options: The presence of relative or absolute hypogonadism A decrease in the size and firmness of the patient's testes Cessation of FSH production A decrease in the force of the man's ejaculation Question 42 2 / 2 points A 39-year-old male patient has been recently diagnosed with primary hypogonadism. Which of the following lab results would be most indicative of this diagnosis? Question options: Normal levels of free testosterone; low levels of total testosterone Low free testosterone, LH, and FSH levels Low levels of GnRH Low testosterone levels; normal levels of LH and FSH Question 43 2 / 2 points Following a visit to her campus medical clinic motivated by persistent abdominal pain and dyspareunia, a 20-year-old female college student has been referred for a diagnostic workup to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease. Her elevated white cell and C-reactive protein levels lead her care provider to suspect pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What follow-up question is most likely to help with the differential diagnosis? Question options: “Are you using tampons during your period, or do you normally use pads?” “What does your daily hygiene routine usually consist of?” “How many sexual partners have you had?” “Have you ever had a therapeutic abortion in the past?” Question 44 2 / 2 points Which of the following situations would be considered pathologic in an otherwise healthy 30-year-old female? Question options: The woman's ovaries are not producing new ova. The woman's ovaries do not synthesize or secrete luteinizing hormone (LH). The epithelium covering the woman's ovaries is broken during the time of ovulation. The woman's ovaries are not producing progesterone. Question 45 2 / 2 points Which of the following individuals, who have recently presented to a hospital emergency department, is displaying an injury that involves his or her fibrocartilage? Question options: A seven-year-old girl whose ear has been lacerated during a dog attack A 24-year-old male who has had his trachea crushed in a workplace accident A 15-year-old boy who has suffered a knee injury during a football game A 78-year-old man who has fallen and is suspected of having a “slipped disc” in his back