CBCC-KA Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
Define: Fixed Interval Schedule - Answers Provide a reinforcer the first time the target behaviour occurs
after an interval of N length since the last reinforcement
Define: FI - Answers Fixed Interval Schedule
What is the difference between FR5 and VR5? - Answers With FR5, you reinforce every fifth event, while
with VR5 you reinforce an average of every 5th event
What happens on an FI-2 minute schedule? - Answers The behaviour is reinofrced only when it occurs
after 2 minutes have elapsed after the last reinforcement
Define: VI
Define: Variable Interval Schedule - Answers Variable Interval Schedule
Provide a reinofrcer the first time the target behaviour occurs after an interval, with the interval varying
around an average of N lengthVariable-interval schedule with a limited hold schedule requires only one
resonsebut that response must occur at an unpredictable period of time. A sports-relatedexample of
this would be "hot-ball" in soccer, which has a nearly 0-second hold Thisdrill involves six players to stand
in a circle and one touch the ball to another playerin the circle. The coach will randomly blow the whistle
to say the drill is over, whenthe whistle is blown, whichever player has the ball in their possession must
do oneman-maker. This is a response that makes the players practice their one-touch passessince they
do not want to be stuck with the ball when the whistle is blown they willdish the ball off as soon as they
can.
Define: FD
Define: Fixed Duration Schedule - Answers Fixed Duration Schedule
Provide a reinforcer after the target behaviour has been performed continuously for a period of N length
Define: VD
Define: Variable Duration Schedule - Answers Variable duration schedule
,Provide a reinforcer after the target behaviour has been performed continuously for a period, with the
period varying around an average of N length
What are the drawbacks to flooding? - Answers The therapy is necessarily anxiety producing and the
there is little room for error
Define: Flooding - Answers Exposure to stimuli until no response occurs
What are you doing when you construct a hierarchy? - Answers You are identifying situations that
arouse fear and arrange them in order from the least upsetting to the most upsetting
Who first devised systematic desensitization? - Answers Joseph Wolpe
Define: Desensitization Training - Answers Any form of counter conditioning training that reduces an
inappropriate negative response to an event
Define: Conditioned Response - Answers The response to the conditioned stimulus following learning
Define: Counterconditioning - Answers The use of Pavlovian conditioning to undo the adverse effects of
earlier conditioning
Define: Unconditioned Response - Answers Any response that does not require learning
Define: Conditioned Stimulus - Answers Any stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned response
produces that response after learning
Define: Unconditioned Stimulus - Answers A stimulus that elicits a response but that does not need to
be learned
Define: Sensitization Training - Answers Any form of counterconditioning that reduces an inappropriate
positive response to an event
occurs when repeated exposure or a single exposure to a stimulus inc. the intensity of response
ex: if you are walking down the hall right after watching a scary movie & your friend pops out and says
Boo! you will likely startle --> sensitizes other stimuli than the one being exposed to
Define: Aversion Therapy - Answers The application of an aversive stimulus when paired with a stimulus
that evokes an inappropriate positive response
What are the rules for counterconditioning? - Answers 1. Define the target behaviour2. Identify the
stimuli to be paired3. Pair the appropriate stimuli4. Monitor results
, Why might changing someone else's behaviour be unethical? - Answers It might be dehumanizing, cruel
or manipulative
What are the rules for changing behaviour ethically? - Answers 1. Encourage the person whose
behaviour is to be changed to participate in the design of the intervention2. Avoid aversives whenever
possible3. Consider the alternatives to the planned intervention4. Monitor the results
What is the difference between a fixed interval and a fixed time schedule? - Answers With fixed time
schedules, the reinforcer is delivered regardless of behaviour, while with fixed interval schedules, the
behaviour must occur after the passage of time in order to earn the reinforcer
Define: Maintenance Training - Answers Intervention procedures that increase the likelihood that
changes in a target behaviour will persist when the intervention is ended
Define: Social Contract - Answers The attempt by society to maintain high rates of certain behaviours
and low rates of other behaviours by means of cintingency ontracts
Define: Backup Reinforcer - Answers The reinforcement that you get in exchange for a token in a token
economy
Define: Token Economy - Answers A form of contingency ontract usually involving a group of people in
which the reinforcers are tokens
Define: Contingency Contract - Answers An agreement between two or more parties about what each is
to do for the other
Define: Stretching the Ration - Answers Gradually increasing the number of times a behaviour must be
performed to qualify for reinforcement
Define: Ration Strain - Answers A reduction in the rate of target behaviour and an increase in emotional
behaivour resulting from increases in the ratio of behaviour to reinforcment
How can you recognize a fixed interval schedule on a cumulitive frequency graph? - Answers The
scalloped pattern reflects the lack of effort post reinforcement and the high degree of effort pre-
reinforcement
Define: Maintenance Schedule - Answers A reinforcment schedule that maintains a target behaviour at a
desired rate.
Define: Train sufficient exemplars - Answers Train enough variants of the environment or of the
behaviour and the target behaviour will generalize
Define: Sequential Modification - Answers Train and then evaluate for generalization and retrain if
necessary
Define: Fixed Interval Schedule - Answers Provide a reinforcer the first time the target behaviour occurs
after an interval of N length since the last reinforcement
Define: FI - Answers Fixed Interval Schedule
What is the difference between FR5 and VR5? - Answers With FR5, you reinforce every fifth event, while
with VR5 you reinforce an average of every 5th event
What happens on an FI-2 minute schedule? - Answers The behaviour is reinofrced only when it occurs
after 2 minutes have elapsed after the last reinforcement
Define: VI
Define: Variable Interval Schedule - Answers Variable Interval Schedule
Provide a reinofrcer the first time the target behaviour occurs after an interval, with the interval varying
around an average of N lengthVariable-interval schedule with a limited hold schedule requires only one
resonsebut that response must occur at an unpredictable period of time. A sports-relatedexample of
this would be "hot-ball" in soccer, which has a nearly 0-second hold Thisdrill involves six players to stand
in a circle and one touch the ball to another playerin the circle. The coach will randomly blow the whistle
to say the drill is over, whenthe whistle is blown, whichever player has the ball in their possession must
do oneman-maker. This is a response that makes the players practice their one-touch passessince they
do not want to be stuck with the ball when the whistle is blown they willdish the ball off as soon as they
can.
Define: FD
Define: Fixed Duration Schedule - Answers Fixed Duration Schedule
Provide a reinforcer after the target behaviour has been performed continuously for a period of N length
Define: VD
Define: Variable Duration Schedule - Answers Variable duration schedule
,Provide a reinforcer after the target behaviour has been performed continuously for a period, with the
period varying around an average of N length
What are the drawbacks to flooding? - Answers The therapy is necessarily anxiety producing and the
there is little room for error
Define: Flooding - Answers Exposure to stimuli until no response occurs
What are you doing when you construct a hierarchy? - Answers You are identifying situations that
arouse fear and arrange them in order from the least upsetting to the most upsetting
Who first devised systematic desensitization? - Answers Joseph Wolpe
Define: Desensitization Training - Answers Any form of counter conditioning training that reduces an
inappropriate negative response to an event
Define: Conditioned Response - Answers The response to the conditioned stimulus following learning
Define: Counterconditioning - Answers The use of Pavlovian conditioning to undo the adverse effects of
earlier conditioning
Define: Unconditioned Response - Answers Any response that does not require learning
Define: Conditioned Stimulus - Answers Any stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned response
produces that response after learning
Define: Unconditioned Stimulus - Answers A stimulus that elicits a response but that does not need to
be learned
Define: Sensitization Training - Answers Any form of counterconditioning that reduces an inappropriate
positive response to an event
occurs when repeated exposure or a single exposure to a stimulus inc. the intensity of response
ex: if you are walking down the hall right after watching a scary movie & your friend pops out and says
Boo! you will likely startle --> sensitizes other stimuli than the one being exposed to
Define: Aversion Therapy - Answers The application of an aversive stimulus when paired with a stimulus
that evokes an inappropriate positive response
What are the rules for counterconditioning? - Answers 1. Define the target behaviour2. Identify the
stimuli to be paired3. Pair the appropriate stimuli4. Monitor results
, Why might changing someone else's behaviour be unethical? - Answers It might be dehumanizing, cruel
or manipulative
What are the rules for changing behaviour ethically? - Answers 1. Encourage the person whose
behaviour is to be changed to participate in the design of the intervention2. Avoid aversives whenever
possible3. Consider the alternatives to the planned intervention4. Monitor the results
What is the difference between a fixed interval and a fixed time schedule? - Answers With fixed time
schedules, the reinforcer is delivered regardless of behaviour, while with fixed interval schedules, the
behaviour must occur after the passage of time in order to earn the reinforcer
Define: Maintenance Training - Answers Intervention procedures that increase the likelihood that
changes in a target behaviour will persist when the intervention is ended
Define: Social Contract - Answers The attempt by society to maintain high rates of certain behaviours
and low rates of other behaviours by means of cintingency ontracts
Define: Backup Reinforcer - Answers The reinforcement that you get in exchange for a token in a token
economy
Define: Token Economy - Answers A form of contingency ontract usually involving a group of people in
which the reinforcers are tokens
Define: Contingency Contract - Answers An agreement between two or more parties about what each is
to do for the other
Define: Stretching the Ration - Answers Gradually increasing the number of times a behaviour must be
performed to qualify for reinforcement
Define: Ration Strain - Answers A reduction in the rate of target behaviour and an increase in emotional
behaivour resulting from increases in the ratio of behaviour to reinforcment
How can you recognize a fixed interval schedule on a cumulitive frequency graph? - Answers The
scalloped pattern reflects the lack of effort post reinforcement and the high degree of effort pre-
reinforcement
Define: Maintenance Schedule - Answers A reinforcment schedule that maintains a target behaviour at a
desired rate.
Define: Train sufficient exemplars - Answers Train enough variants of the environment or of the
behaviour and the target behaviour will generalize
Define: Sequential Modification - Answers Train and then evaluate for generalization and retrain if
necessary
