Nutrition Final Exam Questions With
Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
Energy-yielding Nutrients - Answer the nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can
use; protein, fat and carbs
Kcals/g for energy-yielding nutrients - Answer proteins/carbs-4, fat-9, alcohol-7
Essential Nutrients - Answer nutrients that must come from food because our bodies cannot
produce it in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - Answer a set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in
the U.S. and Canada
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - Answer the average daily amount of nutrient
considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people
Legumes - Answer group of plants that include beans and peas; generally low in fat and are
nutrient and fiber rich; examples- black beans, kidney beans, peanuts
Discretionary Calories - Answer the kcalories remaining in a person's energy allowance after
consuming enough nutrient-dense foods to meet all nutrient needs for a day
Whole Grains - Answer a grain that maintains the same relative proportions of starchy
endosperm, germ, and bran as the original; at least half of grains should be whole; look for
"whole grain" as one of first things in ingredient list
Fortified foods - Answer the addition to a food of nutrients that were either not originally
present or present in insignificant amounts; cereal is highly fortified
Vegetarians - Answer people who exclude meat, poultry, fish or other animal-derived foods
from their diets
Iron in Vegetarians - Answer RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron absorption enhanced by
, Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract - Answer a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth,
through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum to anus
Small Intestine - Answer 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of digestion of food
and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Pyloric Sphincter - Answer allows passage from stomach to small intestine; prevents backflow
from small intestine
Villi - Answer Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase
surface area
Carbohydrate Digestion - Answer begins in the mouth, continues until it's mixed with gastric
juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary enzyme and carb digestion ceases;
picks up when pancreas sends enzymes to small intestine to break down starch into small
segments that can be absorbed through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein;
digested fast
Fiber - Answer structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and
legumes; promote healthful GI tract
Protein Digestion - Answer begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid, making them available
to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small fragments are absorbed through the
small intestinal wall into the hepatic portal vein; makes us feel most full
Fat Digestion - Answer form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach; emulsified by bile,
lipases begin to break them down into small fragments that can be absorbed through small
intestine into lymph; digested slowest
Yogurt - Answer milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of probiotics
Glycogen - Answer storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
Soluble Fibers - Answer dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley, legumes and citrus
fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by lowering blood cholesterol and glucose
Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
Energy-yielding Nutrients - Answer the nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can
use; protein, fat and carbs
Kcals/g for energy-yielding nutrients - Answer proteins/carbs-4, fat-9, alcohol-7
Essential Nutrients - Answer nutrients that must come from food because our bodies cannot
produce it in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - Answer a set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in
the U.S. and Canada
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - Answer the average daily amount of nutrient
considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people
Legumes - Answer group of plants that include beans and peas; generally low in fat and are
nutrient and fiber rich; examples- black beans, kidney beans, peanuts
Discretionary Calories - Answer the kcalories remaining in a person's energy allowance after
consuming enough nutrient-dense foods to meet all nutrient needs for a day
Whole Grains - Answer a grain that maintains the same relative proportions of starchy
endosperm, germ, and bran as the original; at least half of grains should be whole; look for
"whole grain" as one of first things in ingredient list
Fortified foods - Answer the addition to a food of nutrients that were either not originally
present or present in insignificant amounts; cereal is highly fortified
Vegetarians - Answer people who exclude meat, poultry, fish or other animal-derived foods
from their diets
Iron in Vegetarians - Answer RDA for iron is higher in vegetarians; iron absorption enhanced by
, Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract - Answer a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth,
through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum to anus
Small Intestine - Answer 10-foot length of intestine that is the major site of digestion of food
and absorption of nutrients; the segments are called the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Pyloric Sphincter - Answer allows passage from stomach to small intestine; prevents backflow
from small intestine
Villi - Answer Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase
surface area
Carbohydrate Digestion - Answer begins in the mouth, continues until it's mixed with gastric
juices; the stomach acid of gastric juices deactivates salivary enzyme and carb digestion ceases;
picks up when pancreas sends enzymes to small intestine to break down starch into small
segments that can be absorbed through the intestinal walls into the hepatic portal vein;
digested fast
Fiber - Answer structural parts of plants found in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and
legumes; promote healthful GI tract
Protein Digestion - Answer begin to uncoil when mixed with gasric acid, making them available
to gastric enzymes that begin to digest proteins; small fragments are absorbed through the
small intestinal wall into the hepatic portal vein; makes us feel most full
Fat Digestion - Answer form a layer on top of watery mixture in stomach; emulsified by bile,
lipases begin to break them down into small fragments that can be absorbed through small
intestine into lymph; digested slowest
Yogurt - Answer milk product that promotes a healthful GI tract with use of probiotics
Glycogen - Answer storage form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles
Soluble Fibers - Answer dissolve in water commonly found in oats, barley, legumes and citrus
fruits; protect against heart disease and diabetes by lowering blood cholesterol and glucose
