WGU Information Technology
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
fact - ansThe confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age - ansA time when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone
who can use a computer
internet of things (IoT) - ansA world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or
"things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) - ansrefers to devices that connect directly to there devices
data aggregation - ansThe collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data
processing
structured data - ansdata that has defined length, type and format and includes numbers,
dates, or strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience - ansa blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic environments
creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the user moves form one place to
another
Internet of Everything (IoE) - ansa concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasis
on machine-to-machine communications to describe a more complex system that also
encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent - anssoftware that carries out some set of operations on behalf of a user or
another program with some degree of independence or autonomy, and employ some
knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing - ansa self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on,
the human body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process - ansthe technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations; the
actual conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added - ansthe term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the
value of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) - ansconsists of several stand alone businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system - anssales forecasts to make sure that needed
parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a specific company
tactical planning - ansfocuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible
within the strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) - ansdeals with the day to day procedures for
performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process management
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ansa non-governmental organization
established in 1947 to promote the development of world standards to facilitate the
international exchange of goods and services
process quality - ansmain goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality - ansthe goal is to detect potential problems to prevent their occurrence and
achieve no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards - ans1987 U.S. standard awarding quality awards in
seven key areas: leadership, strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and
analysis, human resources focus, process management, and business results
ISO 900 - ansinternational organization for standardization (1947) requiring a company to
determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal requirements including
,WGU Information Technology
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
communication arrangements. Other standards involve process control, product testing,
storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 - anscollection of best practices for managing an organizations impact on the
environment
CMMI - anscapability maturity integration is a framework for best practices. Does not
describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics of good processes, thus
providing efficient guidelines.
inputs - ansland, labor, capital, information
transformation - ansconversion process
outputs - ansgoods & services
storage virtualization - anscombines multiple network storage devices so that they appear to
be a single storage device
network virtualization - anscombines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into
independent channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific device
server virtualization - anscombines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and
operating systems, from the applications
system virtualization - ansthe ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a
collation of separate computers (virtual machines)
multi-tenancy - ansa single instance of a system serves multiple customers
cloud fabric controller - ansan individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources
similar to a server administrator at an individual company
cloud fabric - ansthe software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible
hybrid cloud - ansincludes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud
remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application
portability
cloud bursting - answhen a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage
and accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for high/peak load requirements, ensuring a
sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes
utility computing - ansoffers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such
as gas or electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - ansdelivers hardware networking capabilities, including
use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) - ansOffers backup services that use cloud resources
to protect applications and data form disruption caused by disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) - ansfacilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely,
secure, and affordable manner
Moore's Law - ansrefers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18
months
upcycle - ansreuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance - ansmethod or system of government for management or control
information systems audit and control association (USACA) - ansa set of guidelines and
supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted worldwide and generally used by auditors
and companies as a way to integrate technology to implement controls and meet specific
business objectives
, WGU Information Technology
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) - ansa framework provided by the
government of the UK that offers eight sets of management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) - anskey for evaluating internal controls such
as human resources, logistics, IT, risk, legal, marketing and sales, operations, financial
functions, procurement, and reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method - ansa process improvement approach
that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture - ansa process for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and
share its data, processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization - ansoccurs when an organization moves employees outside its firewall, a
growing movement to change the way corporations address technology security
transborder data flows (TDF) - answhen business data flows across international boundaries
over the telecommunications networks of global information systems
carbon emission - ansincludes the carbon dioxide & carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
produced by processes and systems
grid computing - ansa collection of computers coordinated to solve a common problem
smart grid - ansdelivers electricity using two-way digital technology
virtualization - ansthe creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing
resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or other network resources
data center - ansa facility used to house management information systems and associated
components, such as telecommunications and storage systems
public cloud - anspromotes massive, global, industrywide applications offered to the general
public
private cloud - ansserves only one customer or organization and can be located on the
customer's premises or off premises
community cloud - ansserves a specific community with common business models, security
requirements, and compliance considerations
big data as a service (BDaaS) - ansoffers cloud-based big data service to help organizations
analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas
child online protection act (COPA) - ansa law that protects minors from accessing
inappropriate material on the internet
threat - ansan act or object that poses a danger to assets
competitive click-fraud - ansa computer crime where a competitor or disgruntled employee
increases a company's search advertising costs by repeatedlyclickingon the advertiser's link
fair information practices - ansa general term for a set of standards governing the collection
and use of personal data and addressing issues of privacy and accuracy
acceptable use policy (AUP) - ansa policy that a user must agree to follow in order to be
provided access to a network or to the internet
nonrepudiation - anscontractual stipulation to ensure that business participants do not deny
(repudiate) their online actions
mail bomb - ansa massive amount email to a specific person or system that can cause that
user's server to stop functioning
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
fact - ansThe confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age - ansA time when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone
who can use a computer
internet of things (IoT) - ansA world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or
"things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) - ansrefers to devices that connect directly to there devices
data aggregation - ansThe collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data
processing
structured data - ansdata that has defined length, type and format and includes numbers,
dates, or strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience - ansa blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic environments
creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the user moves form one place to
another
Internet of Everything (IoE) - ansa concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasis
on machine-to-machine communications to describe a more complex system that also
encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent - anssoftware that carries out some set of operations on behalf of a user or
another program with some degree of independence or autonomy, and employ some
knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing - ansa self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on,
the human body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process - ansthe technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations; the
actual conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added - ansthe term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the
value of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) - ansconsists of several stand alone businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system - anssales forecasts to make sure that needed
parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a specific company
tactical planning - ansfocuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible
within the strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) - ansdeals with the day to day procedures for
performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process management
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ansa non-governmental organization
established in 1947 to promote the development of world standards to facilitate the
international exchange of goods and services
process quality - ansmain goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality - ansthe goal is to detect potential problems to prevent their occurrence and
achieve no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards - ans1987 U.S. standard awarding quality awards in
seven key areas: leadership, strategic planning, customer/market focus, information and
analysis, human resources focus, process management, and business results
ISO 900 - ansinternational organization for standardization (1947) requiring a company to
determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal requirements including
,WGU Information Technology
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
communication arrangements. Other standards involve process control, product testing,
storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 - anscollection of best practices for managing an organizations impact on the
environment
CMMI - anscapability maturity integration is a framework for best practices. Does not
describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics of good processes, thus
providing efficient guidelines.
inputs - ansland, labor, capital, information
transformation - ansconversion process
outputs - ansgoods & services
storage virtualization - anscombines multiple network storage devices so that they appear to
be a single storage device
network virtualization - anscombines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into
independent channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific device
server virtualization - anscombines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and
operating systems, from the applications
system virtualization - ansthe ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a
collation of separate computers (virtual machines)
multi-tenancy - ansa single instance of a system serves multiple customers
cloud fabric controller - ansan individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources
similar to a server administrator at an individual company
cloud fabric - ansthe software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible
hybrid cloud - ansincludes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud
remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application
portability
cloud bursting - answhen a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage
and accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for high/peak load requirements, ensuring a
sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes
utility computing - ansoffers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such
as gas or electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - ansdelivers hardware networking capabilities, including
use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) - ansOffers backup services that use cloud resources
to protect applications and data form disruption caused by disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) - ansfacilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely,
secure, and affordable manner
Moore's Law - ansrefers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18
months
upcycle - ansreuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance - ansmethod or system of government for management or control
information systems audit and control association (USACA) - ansa set of guidelines and
supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted worldwide and generally used by auditors
and companies as a way to integrate technology to implement controls and meet specific
business objectives
, WGU Information Technology
Management - C954 UCertify Flashcards
100% Certified 2025/2026 Study Guide
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) - ansa framework provided by the
government of the UK that offers eight sets of management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) - anskey for evaluating internal controls such
as human resources, logistics, IT, risk, legal, marketing and sales, operations, financial
functions, procurement, and reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method - ansa process improvement approach
that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture - ansa process for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and
share its data, processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization - ansoccurs when an organization moves employees outside its firewall, a
growing movement to change the way corporations address technology security
transborder data flows (TDF) - answhen business data flows across international boundaries
over the telecommunications networks of global information systems
carbon emission - ansincludes the carbon dioxide & carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
produced by processes and systems
grid computing - ansa collection of computers coordinated to solve a common problem
smart grid - ansdelivers electricity using two-way digital technology
virtualization - ansthe creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing
resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or other network resources
data center - ansa facility used to house management information systems and associated
components, such as telecommunications and storage systems
public cloud - anspromotes massive, global, industrywide applications offered to the general
public
private cloud - ansserves only one customer or organization and can be located on the
customer's premises or off premises
community cloud - ansserves a specific community with common business models, security
requirements, and compliance considerations
big data as a service (BDaaS) - ansoffers cloud-based big data service to help organizations
analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas
child online protection act (COPA) - ansa law that protects minors from accessing
inappropriate material on the internet
threat - ansan act or object that poses a danger to assets
competitive click-fraud - ansa computer crime where a competitor or disgruntled employee
increases a company's search advertising costs by repeatedlyclickingon the advertiser's link
fair information practices - ansa general term for a set of standards governing the collection
and use of personal data and addressing issues of privacy and accuracy
acceptable use policy (AUP) - ansa policy that a user must agree to follow in order to be
provided access to a network or to the internet
nonrepudiation - anscontractual stipulation to ensure that business participants do not deny
(repudiate) their online actions
mail bomb - ansa massive amount email to a specific person or system that can cause that
user's server to stop functioning
