Community Nursing Exam #2 Questions and Answers correct

Community Nursing Exam #2 Questions and Answers correct The public health nurse surveys a group of seniors on their perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases. The nurse is using which step of the Omaha System? A. Stating the problem. B. Evaluating the problem outcome. C. Planning and intervention. D. Collection and assessment of data. D. Collection and assessment of data. What was an early focus of environmental health practice? A) Control of communicable disease B) Maternal-infant health C) Health in the workplace D) Accident prevention A) Control of communicable disease The early focus of environmental health was to control communicable disease. It is still a strong emphasis today. Only in more recent years have we looked at health in the workplace and had a more clear-cut emphasis on accident prevention. A riverfront community builds a retaining wall to divert flood water away from the town. Which of the terms below is this an example of? A) Mitigation B) Advocacy C) Disaster reduction D) Disaster health A) Mitigation Mitigation involves actions or measures to either prevent the occurrence of a disaster, or reduce the severity of its effects. These might involve awareness and education, building a retaining wall to keep floodwaters from getting into a building, prudent land use. What types of mitigation is done in Oklahoma regarding severe weather and tornados? Which of the following is not an emergency support function of the American Red Cross? A) Providing individual and family assistance to meet emergency needs such as food and shelter. B) Handling inquiries from concerned family members outside the area. C) Repairing public buildings and sewage and water systems. D) Coordinating distribution of emergency relief supplies. C) Repairing public buildings and sewage and water systems. ARC functions with individuals to assist primarily with the immediate people needs related to the disaster, whereas local government would be involved in city sewage/water systems, roads, etc. A nurse working in a shelter for disaster victims would recognize which of the following as a typical reaction to stress? A) Bedwetting in children B) Anger and blaming C) Headache D) All of the above D) All of the above Stress is predominant in a shelter for disaster victims. Individuals may respond to disasters with all kinds of physical symptoms. Emotional reactions as well as physical symptoms (i.e. increased blood pressure) are common. It is common for children to regress in some developmental strides during this type of stress The American Red Cross recommends which of the following strategies for dealing with stress while working at a disaster? A) Eat frequently in small amounts. B) Stay in touch with people at home. C) Keep a journal. D) All of the above. D) All of the above. Strategies to help a disaster worker decrease stress would include simple things like eating, getting some sleep if possible, keep in touch with the family at home and journal about the experience. What would you do if you were a nurse working with a disaster to decrease your stress? When does disaster management begin? A) During the recovery period B) During the disaster C) Immediately following the disaster D) Before the disaster occurs D) Before the disaster occurs Disaster management includes the three stages of a disaster; the first, preparation, occurs before a hazardous event occurs. At-Risk populations today are most likely to: A) Be different from community to community. B) Consist of people with sexually transmitted diseases. C) Have common solutions D) Resolve their own problems without outside interventions A) Be different from community to community. Basically, all communities are not created equal, so there are different people groups, and also different vulnerable populations in each community. B = wrong because it limits to one population; C = wrong because there are no common solutions; D = wrong because collaborative interventions are necessary for resolution, which would include individuals from outside the population. What is health status strongly related to in vulnerable groups? A) Age B) Economic level C) Race D) Stressors B) Economic level The primary cause of vulnerability is poverty. So is it any surprise that in vulnerable groups, health status is strongly related to economic level? As discussed previously, there is a correlation between money and levels of health-the more economically sound a person, family, or nation is, generally the healthier that individual or group is. What is the feeling of separation from mainstream society and lack of social support called? A) Disadvantaged status B) Powerlessness C) Disenfranchisement D) Victimization C) Disenfranchisement Disenfranchisement is a common term used when talking about vulnerable populations. Simply put it is not feeling and/or being connected to others. It is a sense of isolation, of lack of support. One factor that predisposes many migrant farm workers to disenfranchisement is which of the following? A) A strong work ethic B) Absence of health insurance C) Short length of time in the community D) Shorter life expectancy C) Short length of time in the community Disenfranchisement refers to a feeling of separation from mainstream society. The person does not seem to have an emotional connection with any group in particular or the larger society. For migrant workers who are frequently moving, the short length of time in the community does not allow for the development of social ties. Health intervention programs for minority needs must meet which of the following in order to be effective? A) Facilitate community empowerment. B) Deliver culturally competent care. C) Acknowledge that diversity occurs within cultural groups. D) All of the above. D) All of the above. Health intervention programs for minorities involve multifaceted problems and require a multifaceted approach--community empowerment, culturally competent care and acknowledgement of diversity among cultural groups are some of the keys in an effective approach. A mother confides to the nurse that her live-in boyfriend knocked down her 2-year old child because he was crying too much. She begs the nurse not to tell anyone because her boyfriend has agreed to take anger management classes. The nurse should do which of the following? A) Encourage the mother to take the child and find alternate housing right away. B) Arrange for counseling for the boyfriend at the earliest possible availability. C) Report the incident to child protective services or other appropriate legal authority. D) Abide by the mother's wishes because this information was provided in confidence and HIPAA laws require confidentiality. C) Report the incident to child protective services or other appropriate legal authority. Nurses are mandatory reporters of child abuse, even when only suspected, in all states. All of the other choices put the mother and child's welfare at risk, including choice C because encouraging an action will not ensure that it will happen. Which of the following problems often accompanies substance abuse? A) Communicable disease B) Financial strain C) Reluctance to seek health care D) All of the above. D) All of the above. Substance abuse affects many areas of an individual's life, including job security and economic level, risk of communicable diseases such as HIV and STDs, and reluctance to seek health care because of fear of exposure. Which of the following is true regarding health status of rural adults compared to urban adults? A) Seek medical care more often. B) Have poorer overall health status. C) Are less likely to identify a usual source of medical care. D) Are usually seen by a specialist rather than a general practitioner. B) Have poorer overall health status Rural populations have poorer health than their urban counterparts. Perhaps this is in part due to the fact that they seek medical care less often, maybe because they often have an hour or two to travel to get to medical care, may have only generalists rather than specialists to care for their health needs, and not much choice as to where to go for medical care. What type of practice skills does a nurse need in order to function in rural settings? A) Be a specialist in critical care. B) Be a generalist. C) One who likes to separate professional from personal life. D) Like a role with very little autonomy. B) Be a generalist. The community health nurse who is practicing in a rural area needs to be a "jack of all trades". In addition, they often must practice with a high level of autonomy and are highly visible in the community--so can be recognized when simply going to the grocery store--and personal acceptance is tied to professional acceptance in these smaller communities. A migrant farm worker presents to the clinic reporting an acute onset of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache with difficulty concentrating. A condition of the client's work that would cause such symptoms is which of the following? A) Appendicitis B) Bacterial gastroenteritis C) Pesticide poisoning D) Viral illness C) Pesticide poisoning Although all of the conditions can cause some or all of the signs/symptoms listed, the option that would be work related is pesticide poisoning. Acute health effects of pesticide exposure include mild psychological and behavioral deficits such as memory loss, difficulty with concentration, mood changes, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, malaise, skin rashes, and eye irritation. What are health professional shortage areas? A) Areas with inadequate health care facilities for residents B) Isolated areas of underserved populations within urban regions C) Regions with insufficient numbers of health care providers D) Rural regions of the United States with population densities of less than 10,000 C) Regions with insufficient numbers of health care providers A Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) is a geographical area that has insufficient numbers of health professionals according to criteria established by the federal government. What is an exposure pathway? A) The total amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body. B) Factors that determine a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. C) Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source. D) Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants. C) Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source. Exposure pathway: Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source. Exposure: The total amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body. Exposure estimate: Factors that determine a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. Exposure history: Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants. There are several environmental conditions to consider when assessing the environment of a community. What is a risk assessment? A) Assessment of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment. B) Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants. C) Assessment of factors that determine a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. D) Process to determine the likelihood or probability that adverse effects will occur in a group of people because of an exposure to an environmental contaminant. D) Process to determine the likelihood or probability that adverse effects will occur in a group of people because of an exposure to an environmental contaminant. Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment. Exposure history is the process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants. Exposure estimate is Assessment of factors that determine a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. Risk assessment is the process to determine the likelihood or probability that adverse effects such as illness or disease will occur in a group of people because of an exposure to an environmental contaminant. Your management team is in the process of identification of hazards associated with the ice storm that is expected to disable electrical service to the city. To identify the areas most vulnerable to damage and plan for an effective response, which of the following methods of data collection may be used? (select all that apply) A) Geographic information B) Satellite imagery C) Census data D) Historical data on previous events E) Planning management team media declarations A, B & D The identification of all existing and potentially dangerous situations before disasters occur is the first step in planning for an effective response. Different circumstances result in different types of injuries or illness, damage, and disruption of communication and transportation. Gathering historical data about previous disasters is helpful. Aerial photography, satellite imagery, wireless remote sensing devices, and geographic information systems are tools commonly used in hazard identification. The team already knows the city data. Response to a disaster is in its final phase. Although still in the recovery phase of the response, an evaluation meeting is arranged. The purpose of the evaluation meeting is to A) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the response and submit a plan to improve response in the future. B) create a report that exemplifies the cohesiveness of the departmental response to the disaster. C) analyze the effectiveness of the disaster relief teams from respondent states. D) create a postdisaster report for FEMA. A) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the response and submit a plan to improve response in the future.' An evaluation meeting, led by the local emergency response committee, takes place during the recovery phase. A detailed list of strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures, should be developed. Following a thorough review of the responses, a final report is prepared with recommendations for improving emergency response in the future. Options B, C, and D do not meet the criteria for the evaluation plan You are a public health nurse and a first responder in a community disaster, secondary to a flood. One section of the town has experienced a loss of water and electricity for 4 days. What actions would you take to meet the needs of the community at this time? A) Refer the members of the community to a spiritual outreach program. B) Provide access to safe food and water. C) Inform the fire department of potential risks within the community setting. D) Provide an immunization program. B) Provide access to safe food and water. Public health nursing practice focuses on the provision of comprehensive public health services to ensure that community members have access to preventive care, immunizations, safe food and water, and assistance with services that may go beyond medical needs. An extensive knowledge of the community is the foundation for these services. However, the need for clean water and safe food is the priority at this time. You are notified that a possible anthrax exposure occurred at the local military base. Civilian workers are routed to the local hospital's emergency department. Your responsibility is to set up Points of Distribution (PODs) in the community. The function of the PODs in response to the anthrax exposure is to A) distribute decontaminated food. B) distribute decontaminated water. C) administer prophylactic medications. D) provide triage. C) administer prophylactic medications. Postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax, which combines 60 days of antibiotics plus three doses of vaccine, is effective in preventing anthrax disease from occurring after an exposure. In an attack, public health nurses may set up PODs in their communities to administer prophylactic medications. Nurses also have the responsibility to educate the public about anthrax by managing "hotlines," answering questions, providing factual information, and offering reassurance. Who or what is at the center of the Omaha system? A. The health care practitioner. B. The plan of care. C. The physical space where interventions will take place. D. The individual/family/community. D. The individual/family/community. The nurse uses the problem-classification scheme within the Omaha System to address concerns within a population of school-aged children. What should the nurse do first? A. Choose one of the 42 specific client problems that the concern aligns closest to. B. Identify which domain the concern fits into. C. Identify the signs and symptoms of the concern. D. Select which modifiers best describe the concern. B. Identify which domain the concern fits into. An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease at a local daycare would best fall into which domain of the problem-classification scheme? A. Health-related behaviors B. Environmental C. Psychosocial D. Physiological D. Physiological Which of the 42 problems included in the problem-classification scheme best addresses an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease at a daycare? A. Skin B. Communicable/infectious condition C. Oral health D. Caretaking/parenting B. Communicable/infectious condition Which target for health teaching in the intervention scheme would be the best to address for an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease at a daycare? A. Respiratory care B. Anatomy/physiology C. Behavior modification D. Infection precautions D. Infection precautions Which are examples of popular health promotion frameworks? Select all that apply. A. Descriptive epidemiology B. Web of causation C. Theory of planned behavior D. Social cognitive theory E. Socio-ecologic model C, D & E Which tasks require a degree of health literacy? Select all that apply. A. Knowing when to seek medical attention. B. Adhering to a complex medication regime. C. Driving a family member to the hospital. D. Receiving intravenous medication. E. Making lifestyle changes after a new diagnosis. A, B & E Which clients are experiencing complications related to low health literacy? Select all that apply. A. A client started an exercise routine after being diagnosed with type two diabetes. B. A client experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis related to improper insulin administration. C. A 70-year-old client has never had a colonoscopy and has been diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer. D. A client presenting to the emergency department with an accidental acetaminophen overdose after experiencing a severe headache. E. A client is accidentally given the wrong medication at the pharmacy and immediately notifies the healthcare provider. B, C & D What are the components of the epidemiological triangle? Select all that apply. The agent The host The impact The intervention The environment The agent, host and environment What are the levels of the socio-ecological model as used by the Center for Disease Control (CDC)? Select all that apply. A. Community B. Relationship C. Individual D. Societal E. Environment A, B, C & D NOT environmental! A client is often seen in the emergency department due to seizures. The nurse learns that since a new law affecting health insurance coverage was passed, the client cannot afford anti-seizure medications. The client is being most impacted by which socio-ecological model component? A. Relationship B. Community C. Individual D. Societal D. Societal A client diagnosed with depression reports that even though they grew up in a culture that embraced mental health care, they are weary of taking anti-depressants as "their mother believes they are ineffective." The client is being most impacted by which socio-ecological model component? A. Societal B. Relationship C. Community D. Individual B. Relationship A mosquito carrying West Nile Virus is an example of which component of the chain of transmission? A) Mode of transmission B) Susceptible host C) Infectious agent D) Environment A) Mode of transmission A client develops Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever after sustaining a tick bite while hiking. What is the portal of entry in this situation? A) The tick bite B) The vector C) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever D) The tick A) The tick bite What is the goal of the web of causation? A) To determine the effects of the environment on health outcomes. B) To find the root cause of a disease. C) To discover patient zero in pandemic situations. D) To understand how infections spread in a specific environment. B) To find the root cause of a disease. The nurse is creating a web of causation for hepatitis C. What should the nurse start with? A) A client with hepatitis C. B) The hepatitis C virus. C) The route of transmission that resulted in infection. D) The liver damage caused by the infection. A) A client with hepatitis C The nurse creates a web of causation for a client diagnosed with type two diabetes. The nurse has listed the different risk factors for this disease. Which next step should the nurse take? A) Cross out the modifiable risk factors. B) Start listing the effects of the disease. C) Make connections between the risk factors. D) Determine the most critical risk factor. C) Make connections between the risk factors. The student nurse has to create a web of causation for a health outcome of their choosing. Which topic should the nurse choose? A) Schizophrenia B) Chronic bronchitis C) Medication non-compliance D) West Nile Virus C) Medication non-compliance The flu spreading through a university dorm is an example of which type of immunity? A) Passive immunity B) Herd immunity C) Innate immunity D) Active immunity B) Herd immunity Immunoglobulin therapy is an example of which type of immunity? A) Active immunity B) Vaccine-initiated immunity C) Passive immunity D) Herd immunity C) Passive immunity Which is an example of a community-level factor that may influence vaccine hesitancy? Select all that apply. A) A family member has a severe reaction to a vaccine. B) A news station is airing a segment on how vaccines are dangerous. C) The school board's vaccine mandates. D) A town only has one vaccine clinic during flu season. E) A person feels as if the vaccine is unnecessary. B) A news station is airing a segment on how vaccines are dangerous. C) The school board's vaccine mandates. D) A town only has one vaccine clinic during flu season. The nurse is providing health teaching to a client who is hesitant to get the flu vaccine due to their distrust of the pharmaceutical industry. This is an example of what Vaccine Hesitance Matrix factor? A) Contextual influence B) Vaccine specific issues C) Group influence D) Individual influence A) Contextual influence How can the nurse address vaccine hesitancy with clients? Select all that apply. A) Using motivational interviewing to determine the cause of vaccine hesitancy. B) Using the STOPP method for providing scientific evidence. C) Giving the client a copy of the Vaccine Hesitance Matrix. D) Using the "tell, don't ask" method for routine vaccines. E) Withholding medications and services until the client consents to vaccination. A) Using motivational interviewing to determine the cause of vaccine hesitancy. D) Using the "tell, don't ask" method for routine vaccines. Which factor influences every construct of vaccine hesitancy models? A) Risk perception B) Past experiences C) Racism D) Perceived importance of vaccination C) Racism Descriptive epidemiology describes disease outbreaks in terms of which components? Select all that apply. A) Time B) Place C) Person D) Vector E) Agent A) Time B) Place C) Person