NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
cell structure - ANSWER nucleus - genetic material
cytoplasm - houses organelles
plasma membrane - regulates movement
Nucleus - ANSWER A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction - regulates gene expression
Mitochondria - ANSWER powerhouse of the cell
produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar(Cellular respiration)
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production of proteins and lipid metabolism
Rough: +ribosomes
smooth: no ribosomes
Glogi Apparatus - ANSWER Processes, sorts and packages proteins
Lysosomes function - ANSWER Digestion and recycling
Peroxisomes - ANSWER Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide
Ribosomes - ANSWER Makes proteins - found free in the cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER
,NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
Centrioles - ANSWER Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
cell membrane - ANSWER thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
phospholipid bi-lipid
Exotoxins - ANSWER toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment
endotoxins - ANSWER A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that
is released only when the bacteria die.
resting/action potential - ANSWER action potential refers to the rapid change in electrical potential
across the cell membrane of a neuron or muscle cell allowing for transmission of signals
Depolarization - ANSWER cell membrane becomes less negative leading to the initiation of an action
potential
Repolarization - ANSWER return of cell membrane to its resting potential after depolarization
Hyperpolarization - ANSWER cell membrane more polarized, more negative
refractory period - ANSWER brief period following an action potential during which the cell is less
responsive to further stimuli
osmotic pressure - ANSWER pressure exerted by solutes to draw water across a semipermeable
membrane
, NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
oncotic pressure - ANSWER Also known as colloid osmotic pressure
pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush
back into capillaries at end.
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER force exerted by a fluid against the container wall
Hypernatremia causes - ANSWER excess water loss, excess sodium administration, diabetes insipidus,
heat stroke, hypertonic IV solutions
Hyponatremia causes - ANSWER Vomiting
Diuretics
Excessive administration of dextrose and water IVs
Burns, wound drainage
Excessive water intake
SIADH
atrophy - ANSWER decrease in size of number of cells resulting in reduced organ or tissue size. occurs r/t
disuse, loss of innervation, inadequate blood supply or hormonal changes
hypertrophy - ANSWER increase in cell size - enlarged organ tissue. response r/t workload or stimulation
Hyperplasia - ANSWER increase in number of cells resulting in enlarged size. increased demand of
hormonal - pregnancy, or uterine hyperplasia
Metaplasia - ANSWER Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
reversible and occurs due to chronic inflammation or irritation
solutions
NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
cell structure - ANSWER nucleus - genetic material
cytoplasm - houses organelles
plasma membrane - regulates movement
Nucleus - ANSWER A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction - regulates gene expression
Mitochondria - ANSWER powerhouse of the cell
produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar(Cellular respiration)
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that
assists in the production of proteins and lipid metabolism
Rough: +ribosomes
smooth: no ribosomes
Glogi Apparatus - ANSWER Processes, sorts and packages proteins
Lysosomes function - ANSWER Digestion and recycling
Peroxisomes - ANSWER Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide
Ribosomes - ANSWER Makes proteins - found free in the cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER
,NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
Centrioles - ANSWER Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
cell membrane - ANSWER thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
phospholipid bi-lipid
Exotoxins - ANSWER toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment
endotoxins - ANSWER A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that
is released only when the bacteria die.
resting/action potential - ANSWER action potential refers to the rapid change in electrical potential
across the cell membrane of a neuron or muscle cell allowing for transmission of signals
Depolarization - ANSWER cell membrane becomes less negative leading to the initiation of an action
potential
Repolarization - ANSWER return of cell membrane to its resting potential after depolarization
Hyperpolarization - ANSWER cell membrane more polarized, more negative
refractory period - ANSWER brief period following an action potential during which the cell is less
responsive to further stimuli
osmotic pressure - ANSWER pressure exerted by solutes to draw water across a semipermeable
membrane
, NUR 631 midterm study guide 117 Actual
solutions
oncotic pressure - ANSWER Also known as colloid osmotic pressure
pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush
back into capillaries at end.
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER force exerted by a fluid against the container wall
Hypernatremia causes - ANSWER excess water loss, excess sodium administration, diabetes insipidus,
heat stroke, hypertonic IV solutions
Hyponatremia causes - ANSWER Vomiting
Diuretics
Excessive administration of dextrose and water IVs
Burns, wound drainage
Excessive water intake
SIADH
atrophy - ANSWER decrease in size of number of cells resulting in reduced organ or tissue size. occurs r/t
disuse, loss of innervation, inadequate blood supply or hormonal changes
hypertrophy - ANSWER increase in cell size - enlarged organ tissue. response r/t workload or stimulation
Hyperplasia - ANSWER increase in number of cells resulting in enlarged size. increased demand of
hormonal - pregnancy, or uterine hyperplasia
Metaplasia - ANSWER Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
reversible and occurs due to chronic inflammation or irritation
