NR 503 Chamberlain Midterm Exam Questions With
Complete Solution
Epidemiology - ANS-The study of disease distribution within populations and the risk
factors that affect increases or decreases in distribution.
Population Health - ANS-Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes
Outcome - ANS-The end result that follows an intervention
Aggregate/ population - ANS-A group of persons who share one or more traits or
characteristics without necessarily having had any direct social connection.
Sub populations such as high risk subgroup
Community - ANS-Composed of multiple aggregates
Data - ANS-Compiled information
Prevalence - ANS-Measures the existence of all current cases within a time frame
Think: Prev-A-lence = ALL or (P)resence
Incidence - ANS-Measures the appearance of new cases
Think: What is "in" is "new"
Surveillance - ANS-Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and
dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision making and action.
High Risk - ANS-Increased chance of poor health outcome
Morbidity - ANS-The presence of disease/illness in a population or aggregate
Morbidity = disease
The 2 primary measures are incidence and prevalence.
Mortality - ANS-Related to the tracking of deaths within a population or aggregate
Mortality = deaths
Primary Prevention - ANS-The prevention of disease before it occurs
Examples: Immunization. Healthy diet. Exercise.
Secondary Prevention - ANS-Screening and diagnosis of disease
Examples: Mammogram. Colonoscopy. Imaging (CT, X-ray, MRI).
, Tertiary Prevention - ANS-Consists of interventions aimed to facilitate the rehabilitation
of the patient to the highest level of functioning while addressing the risk factors that
could further result in the deterioration of the patient's health
Examples: Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs.
Screening Tool - ANS-Instruments with the goal of reducing and/or preventing morbidity
and mortality.
Screening Test - ANS-Detect early disease indicators or risk factors for disease in large
numbers of apparently healthy individuals
Results indicate a suspicion of disease
Examples: pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy, endoscopy,
Diagnostic Test - ANS-Confirms the presence of disease.
Typically used in a symptomatic individual to establish diagnosis, or asymptomatic
individuals with a positive screening test
Examples: biopsy, MRI, X-ray, nuclear medicine scan, CT scan
Validity - ANS-The ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease. Based
on the specificity and sensitivity of the screening or diagnostic test
Internal Validity - ANS-Depends mostly on how well a study is conducted.
Does the study measure what it was supposed to measure?
External Validity - ANS-How applicable the study findings are to the real world.
Can the generalizability of the results be applied to other populations?
Specificity - ANS-Ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease
True negatives!
Sensitivity - ANS-Ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
True positives!
Measures of Morbidity - ANS-The two primary measures of morbidity are incidence and
prevalence.
Measures of Frequency - ANS-Incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates are three
frequency measures that are used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a
population
Prevalence Rate - ANS-The number of affected persons present in the population at a
specific time divided by the number of persons in the population at that same time.
Incidence Rate - ANS-How quickly disease occurs in a population.
Occurrence of new cases of disease or injury in a population over a specified period of
time.
Complete Solution
Epidemiology - ANS-The study of disease distribution within populations and the risk
factors that affect increases or decreases in distribution.
Population Health - ANS-Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes
Outcome - ANS-The end result that follows an intervention
Aggregate/ population - ANS-A group of persons who share one or more traits or
characteristics without necessarily having had any direct social connection.
Sub populations such as high risk subgroup
Community - ANS-Composed of multiple aggregates
Data - ANS-Compiled information
Prevalence - ANS-Measures the existence of all current cases within a time frame
Think: Prev-A-lence = ALL or (P)resence
Incidence - ANS-Measures the appearance of new cases
Think: What is "in" is "new"
Surveillance - ANS-Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and
dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision making and action.
High Risk - ANS-Increased chance of poor health outcome
Morbidity - ANS-The presence of disease/illness in a population or aggregate
Morbidity = disease
The 2 primary measures are incidence and prevalence.
Mortality - ANS-Related to the tracking of deaths within a population or aggregate
Mortality = deaths
Primary Prevention - ANS-The prevention of disease before it occurs
Examples: Immunization. Healthy diet. Exercise.
Secondary Prevention - ANS-Screening and diagnosis of disease
Examples: Mammogram. Colonoscopy. Imaging (CT, X-ray, MRI).
, Tertiary Prevention - ANS-Consists of interventions aimed to facilitate the rehabilitation
of the patient to the highest level of functioning while addressing the risk factors that
could further result in the deterioration of the patient's health
Examples: Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs.
Screening Tool - ANS-Instruments with the goal of reducing and/or preventing morbidity
and mortality.
Screening Test - ANS-Detect early disease indicators or risk factors for disease in large
numbers of apparently healthy individuals
Results indicate a suspicion of disease
Examples: pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy, endoscopy,
Diagnostic Test - ANS-Confirms the presence of disease.
Typically used in a symptomatic individual to establish diagnosis, or asymptomatic
individuals with a positive screening test
Examples: biopsy, MRI, X-ray, nuclear medicine scan, CT scan
Validity - ANS-The ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease. Based
on the specificity and sensitivity of the screening or diagnostic test
Internal Validity - ANS-Depends mostly on how well a study is conducted.
Does the study measure what it was supposed to measure?
External Validity - ANS-How applicable the study findings are to the real world.
Can the generalizability of the results be applied to other populations?
Specificity - ANS-Ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease
True negatives!
Sensitivity - ANS-Ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
True positives!
Measures of Morbidity - ANS-The two primary measures of morbidity are incidence and
prevalence.
Measures of Frequency - ANS-Incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates are three
frequency measures that are used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a
population
Prevalence Rate - ANS-The number of affected persons present in the population at a
specific time divided by the number of persons in the population at that same time.
Incidence Rate - ANS-How quickly disease occurs in a population.
Occurrence of new cases of disease or injury in a population over a specified period of
time.
