Louisiana Horticulture Exam study guide
2025 Actual Questions & Answers
for Guaranteed Pass
4 major plant parts include - Answerroots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Answerabsorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Answerfibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Answerroot system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Answerroot system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
AnswerSpread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow
outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - AnswerSupport
conduction
storage
Conduction - Answerthe movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Answerwater and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - Answermanufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
,What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Answerxylem and phloem
Cambium layer - AnswerThe tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - AnswerThe xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Answerthe xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Answeris a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - AnswerAreas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Answerin the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - AnswerSome plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Answersolid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Answerthe main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - AnswerCylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Answerroots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Answerthe area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - AnswerRoots that are living through two growing seasons
, Annual Top Root - AnswerRoot living through one growing season
October until December - AnswerOutdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - AnswerLeaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - AnswerLeaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - AnswerLeaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Answerthe process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Answerthe process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - AnswerWhat occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - AnswerWater movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - AnswerPlants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - Answerplants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - Answerflowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - Answerouter set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - Answercollectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - AnswerAn entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - Answerare the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
2025 Actual Questions & Answers
for Guaranteed Pass
4 major plant parts include - Answerroots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - Answerabsorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - Answerfibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - Answerroot system that consists of numerous multi-branched
roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - Answerroot system that consists of one
main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
AnswerSpread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow
outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - AnswerSupport
conduction
storage
Conduction - Answerthe movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - Answerwater and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves
through inner tissues called
phloem - Answermanufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through
outer stem tissues called
,What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - Answerxylem and phloem
Cambium layer - AnswerThe tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - AnswerThe xylem and phloem
tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the
stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - Answerthe xylem is formed on the inside
next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on
the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - Answeris a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts
the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - AnswerAreas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - Answerin the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the
______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - AnswerSome plants have modified stem and roots
structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - Answersolid stem structures with remains of dried scale
leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - Answerthe main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - AnswerCylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - Answerroots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - Answerthe area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - AnswerRoots that are living through two growing seasons
, Annual Top Root - AnswerRoot living through one growing season
October until December - AnswerOutdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - AnswerLeaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent
veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - AnswerLeaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous
branching between the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - AnswerLeaves have two main functions to carry
out: ______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - Answerthe process whereby carbon dioxide and water are
eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible
light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - Answerthe process whereby the leaf gives off water into the
atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive
heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - AnswerWhat occurs when transpiration is more
rapid than absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - AnswerWater movement from the
roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - AnswerPlants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - Answerplants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds
uncovered in cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - Answerflowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - Answerouter set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other
parts of the flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - Answercollectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - AnswerAn entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - Answerare the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
