BIOLOGY 20 HUMAN SYSTEMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Gallstones - ANSWER-Small crystals that form from bile in the gallbladder.
jaundice - ANSWER-prejudice; bias; a yellowish discoloration of the skin
large intestine - ANSWER-colon; organ that removes water from the undigested
materials that pass through it
respiratory membrane - ANSWER-Membrane across which gases diffuse
Oxygen moves across the membrane into the internal environmental carbon dioxide
moves across the membrane to the external environment
external respiration - ANSWER-the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and
the blood
internal respiration - ANSWER-Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the
blood
cellular respiration - ANSWER-the process by which cells use oxygen to produce
energy from food
nasal cavity - ANSWER-opening within the nose
oral cavity - ANSWER-the mouth
Trachea (windpipe) - ANSWER-passageway for air to the bronchi
Larynx - ANSWER-The voice box
Eplglottis - ANSWER-The structure that covers the glottis
Glottis - ANSWER-opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
Bronchi - ANSWER-The passages that direct air into the lungs
Alveoli - ANSWER-tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases
between air and blood
Pleural membrane - ANSWER-membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
Intercostal muscles - ANSWER-Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
Diaphragm - ANSWER-Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps
with breathing
, Hemoglobin - ANSWER-Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
Buffer removes h+ ions from the blood
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER-Hemoglobin bound to oxygen
Carbonic anhydrase - ANSWER-enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between carbon
dioxide and water to form carbonic acid
Chemoreceptors - ANSWER-Respond to chemicals
Medulla oblongata - ANSWER-the posterior part of the brain that controls the rate of
breathing and other autonomic functions
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Broken down by the body into simple sugars that supply
energy
Factors affecting enzyme activity - ANSWER-Temperature and pH
Ingestion - ANSWER-Intake of food
Digestion - ANSWER-Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be
absorbed and used
Absorbtion - ANSWER-The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the
wall of the digestive system into the blood
Egestion - ANSWER-The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.
salivary glands - ANSWER-Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive
secretion
saliva - ANSWER-Fluid in the mouth, contains water, electrolytes, mucus and
enzymes (the enzyme amylase)
amlyase - ANSWER-enzyme that breaks chemical bonds in starches
teeth function - ANSWER-mastication (chewing) to break down food into pieces that
can be swallowed and digested easily.
Esophagus - ANSWER-A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
stomach - ANSWER-large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical
digestion of food
gastric juice - ANSWER-A digestive fluid secreted by the stomach. (Consists of
mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and other substances)
pyloric sphincter - ANSWER-Controls passage of food from stomach to small
intestine
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Gallstones - ANSWER-Small crystals that form from bile in the gallbladder.
jaundice - ANSWER-prejudice; bias; a yellowish discoloration of the skin
large intestine - ANSWER-colon; organ that removes water from the undigested
materials that pass through it
respiratory membrane - ANSWER-Membrane across which gases diffuse
Oxygen moves across the membrane into the internal environmental carbon dioxide
moves across the membrane to the external environment
external respiration - ANSWER-the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and
the blood
internal respiration - ANSWER-Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the
blood
cellular respiration - ANSWER-the process by which cells use oxygen to produce
energy from food
nasal cavity - ANSWER-opening within the nose
oral cavity - ANSWER-the mouth
Trachea (windpipe) - ANSWER-passageway for air to the bronchi
Larynx - ANSWER-The voice box
Eplglottis - ANSWER-The structure that covers the glottis
Glottis - ANSWER-opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
Bronchi - ANSWER-The passages that direct air into the lungs
Alveoli - ANSWER-tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases
between air and blood
Pleural membrane - ANSWER-membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
Intercostal muscles - ANSWER-Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
Diaphragm - ANSWER-Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps
with breathing
, Hemoglobin - ANSWER-Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
Buffer removes h+ ions from the blood
Oxyhemoglobin - ANSWER-Hemoglobin bound to oxygen
Carbonic anhydrase - ANSWER-enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between carbon
dioxide and water to form carbonic acid
Chemoreceptors - ANSWER-Respond to chemicals
Medulla oblongata - ANSWER-the posterior part of the brain that controls the rate of
breathing and other autonomic functions
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Broken down by the body into simple sugars that supply
energy
Factors affecting enzyme activity - ANSWER-Temperature and pH
Ingestion - ANSWER-Intake of food
Digestion - ANSWER-Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be
absorbed and used
Absorbtion - ANSWER-The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the
wall of the digestive system into the blood
Egestion - ANSWER-The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.
salivary glands - ANSWER-Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive
secretion
saliva - ANSWER-Fluid in the mouth, contains water, electrolytes, mucus and
enzymes (the enzyme amylase)
amlyase - ANSWER-enzyme that breaks chemical bonds in starches
teeth function - ANSWER-mastication (chewing) to break down food into pieces that
can be swallowed and digested easily.
Esophagus - ANSWER-A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
stomach - ANSWER-large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical
digestion of food
gastric juice - ANSWER-A digestive fluid secreted by the stomach. (Consists of
mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and other substances)
pyloric sphincter - ANSWER-Controls passage of food from stomach to small
intestine
