Community Nursing Chapter 7 Questions & Answers correct

Community Nursing Chapter 7 Questions & Answers correct A community health nurse working as a school health nurse conducted a community assessment and determined that the focus of programs and health education for the academic year should address the problem of childhood obesity. In planning, it is important for the nurse to allow time for individual nursing assessment and education for children who are overweight or obese and to plan classroom education programs. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which important community health nursing concept? a. Health planning b. Aggregate health care c. Community as client d. Use of the nursing process c. Community as client Community health nurses focus care on health needs of aggregates; however, individual, families, and groups are important parts of aggregates. Appropriate nursing care and health promotion planned for aggregates affect individuals and vice versa. Use of the nursing process is one part of health planning for the community. Health planning is an essential component of community health nursing practice. What legislation resulted in increased consumer involvement in the U.S. health care system and a review of the allocation of health care resources? a. Partnership for Health Program b. Hill-Burton Act c. Regional Medical Services Programs d. National Health Planning and Resources Development Act d. National Health Planning and Resources Development Act The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act addressed the need for the provider and consumer to be involved in the planning and improving of health services as well as placing the system of private practice examination. The Partnership for Health Program provided federal grants to states to establish and administer a local agency program to enact local comprehensive health care planning. The Hill-Burton Act was passed by Congress to address the need for better hospital access. The Regional Medical Programs intended to make the latest technology for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, cancer, stroke, and related diseases available to community health care providers through the establishment of regional cooperative arrangements among medical schools, research institutions, and hospitals. A community health nurse is using the Health Planning Model to improve a client's health. The nurse prepares for unexpected problems or complications in the client's care. This attention to unexpected problems takes place during which step? a. Assessment b. Planning c. Intervention d. Evaluation c. Intervention During the intervention step of the Health Planning Model, the nurse must prepare for unforeseen problems or complications and consider alternatives to meet the client's needs. The nurse gathers information about the needs of the community during the assessment step. During the planning step, the nurse determines which problems or needs require intervention and identifies the desired outcomes or ultimate goals of the interventions. Evaluation determines success or failure of the project. Before participating in health care planning, a community health nurse must understand the concept of a. community as client. b. individual as client. c. family as client. d. environment as client. a. community as client. It is essential that community health nurses understand and are comfortable with the concept "community as client" before participating in health care planning. When focusing on the individual or family, nurses must remember that these clients are members of a larger population group or community, and environmental factors influence them. The community health nurse understands that a client's health can be negatively or positively affected by his or her suprasystem. Which correctly describes a client's suprasystem? The suprasystem includes a. only health-related resources, such as primary care providers and insurance sources. b. only non-health-related resources, such as use of public transportation. c. all resources available for use by the client, including health-related and non-health-related resources. d. all official (governmental) agencies used by the client or family, such as the health department or social services. c. all resources available for use by the client, including health-related and non-health-related resources. The suprasystem includes a variety of organizations and community resources. Some are health related, such as the presence or absence of hospitals, clinics, primary care providers, or health centers. Support services such as Meals on Wheels, public transportation, and recreational facilities are also important. Governmental agencies used by the client are also assessed as part of the suprasystem. Systems theory provides a framework that includes interventions that are possible at the three levels of prevention. The level of prevention that includes early diagnosis is a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. supralevel prevention. b. secondary prevention. Secondary prevention includes early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the duration and severity of disease or dysfunction. Tertiary prevention applies to irreversible disability or damage and aims to rehabilitate and restore an optimal level of functioning. Option D is not a type of prevention. Public service announcements, dissemination of pamphlets, and focus groups are examples of measures that can be used by the community health nurse. These are also known as a. levels of intervention. b. nursing assessment. c. evaluation methods. d. nursing interventions. d. nursing interventions. Interventions should be included from a range of strategies, including mass media (public service announcements, radio, television, billboards), general information dissemination (e.g., pamphlets, DVDs, CDs, posters), electronic information dissemination (e.g., websites, blogs, tweets, video stream), and public forums (e.g., town meetings, focus groups, discussion groups). Intervention levels apply to aggregates, communities, or individuals. Assessment includes the collection of data to determine the needs of the community or aggregate. Evaluation determines the success or failure of a project. Methods may include verbal or written feedback, surveys, or other tools that measure whether objectives were met. Which of following factors is not necessary to consider when determining priorities for health problem interventions? a. The aggregate's preferences b. The number of individuals affected by the health problem c. The nurse's preferences d. The availability resources c. The nurse's preferences Factors that assist the nurse in determining priorities for aggregate health care include the aggregate's preferences; the number of people affected; the severity of the health problem; and the available solutions, resources, time, and individuals with skills to help solve the problem. Often the nurse will prefer to provide information and interventions that he or she is most comfortable with, but that may not be what is needed most.