ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate /
Actual Questions & Certified Solutions 2025/2026.
Terms in this set (160).
3 major phases of cell Interphase
division: Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
First growth phase (G1)
3 steps of interphase: Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2.
Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity,
including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies
orimmunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3.
Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
Cure
3 main goals of treatment: Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to
lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
conditioning/preparative
therapy
2 types of conditioning Myeloablative
therapies: Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the
intensity (RDI) calculated? planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA
work? replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating 1. Nitrogen mustards
agents: 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkylgroup but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common Nitrogen mustards
subcategory of alkylating
agents:
Common alkylating agents: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based Cisplatin (Platinol)
agents: Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in
nitrosoureas agents? treating some brain tumors
, Common nitrosoureas Carmustine (BiCNU)
agents: Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur Carboplatin
with late doses of:
These agents are typically 1. Alkylating agents
categorized as highly 2. Nitrosoureas
emetogenic:
Pre-administration labs for BUN
alkylating agents and Creatinine
nitrosoureas:
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Bladder protectant with administration of cyclophosphamide or
Mesna used for? ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving Oxaliplatin
________ to avoid exposure
to cold air and consuming
cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatment
How do antimetabolites By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes
function? needed for normal cell metabolism
Antimetabolites work in the S
___ phase.
What types of cells are Cells with high division rates
best affected by
antimetabolites?
Myelosuppression
Common side effects of GI toxicities
antimetabolites: Photosensitivity
Hand-foot syndrome
Actual Questions & Certified Solutions 2025/2026.
Terms in this set (160).
3 major phases of cell Interphase
division: Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
First growth phase (G1)
3 steps of interphase: Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2.
Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity,
including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies
orimmunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3.
Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
Cure
3 main goals of treatment: Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to
lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
conditioning/preparative
therapy
2 types of conditioning Myeloablative
therapies: Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the
intensity (RDI) calculated? planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA
work? replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating 1. Nitrogen mustards
agents: 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkylgroup but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common Nitrogen mustards
subcategory of alkylating
agents:
Common alkylating agents: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based Cisplatin (Platinol)
agents: Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in
nitrosoureas agents? treating some brain tumors
, Common nitrosoureas Carmustine (BiCNU)
agents: Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur Carboplatin
with late doses of:
These agents are typically 1. Alkylating agents
categorized as highly 2. Nitrosoureas
emetogenic:
Pre-administration labs for BUN
alkylating agents and Creatinine
nitrosoureas:
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Bladder protectant with administration of cyclophosphamide or
Mesna used for? ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving Oxaliplatin
________ to avoid exposure
to cold air and consuming
cold fluids for 3-4 days
following treatment
How do antimetabolites By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes
function? needed for normal cell metabolism
Antimetabolites work in the S
___ phase.
What types of cells are Cells with high division rates
best affected by
antimetabolites?
Myelosuppression
Common side effects of GI toxicities
antimetabolites: Photosensitivity
Hand-foot syndrome
