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The sound portion of a broadcast, film or
Audio
other medium
a gradual increase or decrease in the
audio signal (volume) when one clip or
audio transition
sequence is transitioning to another clip
or sequence.
Illumination behind the subject that illu-
Background light minates the background and separates
the subject from the background.
metal flaps mounted in front of a lighting
barn doors instrument that control the spread of the
light beam
Audio: microphone support
Boom
Video: part of the camera crane
A central connection for several audio
Bus sources or a row of buttons on a switch-
ing panel
A shot cropped between the shoulders
bust shot
and the belt line
camera A portable video recorder
A computer dedicated to the creation
of letters and numbers in various fonts.
Character Generator (CG)
Its output can be directly superimposed
onto a video image.
Object or any part of it seen at close
range and framed tightly. Can be extreme
Close Up (CU) (extreme or big) or loose (medium). A
shot that usually is framed from just be-
low the shoulders up.
Relative reddishness or bluishness of
Color Temperature white light, as measured on the Kelvin
(K) scale.
a room adjacent to the studio in which the
Control Room director, the technical director, the audio
engineer, and sometimes the lighting di-
, AVTF 3 EOPA #3
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rector perform their various production
functions
1. The instantaneous change from one
Cut shot to another
2. Director's signal to interrupt action
a shot that cuts from the main action to a
different action or to a detail somehow re-
Cutaway lated to the main action. Commonly used
between two shots that do not provide
good continuity or to cover a jump cut.
a gradual transition from one image to
Dissolve another. Also known as a fade-in or
fade-out from black images
A camera support with wheels, used in
Dolly making tracking (also called trucking)
shots.
Row of bottom on the switcher that can
select the video sources for a specific
Effects bus
effect. Usually the same as a mix bus that
has been switched to an effects function
Video production done outside the studio
EFP (electronic field production)
that is usually shot for postproduction
The use of portable cameras with sepa-
rate lights, and sound equipment for the
production of daily news stories. Is usu-
ENG (electronic news gathering)
ally not planned in advance and is of-
ten transmitted live or immediately after
postproduction.
often a long shot, wide shot, or a series
of shots that sets the scene. It is used to
establishing shot
establish setting and to show transitions
between locations.
The image being shot is a part of a
Extreme Close Up (ECU)
whole, such as an eye or a hand.
Extreme Long Shot (ELS) Shows the object from a great distance.
Long Shot (LS)
, AVTF 3 EOPA #3
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Subject or characters are at some dis-
tance from the camera; they are seen in
full within their surrounding environment.
Gradual appearance from or disappear-
Fade
ance to black
A volume control that works by sliding a
Fader/ slide fader button horizontally or vertically along a
scale
A controller on the switcher that activates
buses and can produce superimposition,
Fader/ T Bar
dissolves, fades, Keys, and wipes of dif-
ferent speeds
production activities that take place away
Field production
from the studio
Additional light on the opposite side of
the camera from the key light to illumi-
fill light
nate shadow areas and thereby reduce
falloff; usually done with floodlights.
A suspension device for a microphone;
Fish pole the mic is attached to a pole and held
over the scene for brief periods.
To cause a sharp image from a lens to
be projected onto a focal plane or onto a
screen. Also to adjust the electron beam
Focus
converging circuits in a television monitor
for maximum sharpness as they strike
the surface of the picture tube
generic term for color filters put in front of
spotlights or floodlights to give the light
Gel
beam a specific hue, made from heat and
moisture resistant plastic material
the space between the top of the head
Headroom
and the upper screen edge
used for all production and engineering
personnel involved in a show. The widely