Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
PUD - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by mucosal defects ≥5 mm in the
stomach or duodenum that penetrate the muscularis mucosa.
H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and stress-related mucosal damage (SRMD). - CORRECT
ANSWER - What are the 3 major causes of PUD?
Imbalance between aggressive factors (acid, pepsin, H. pylori, NSAIDs) and protective factors
(mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow, prostaglandins) - CORRECT ANSWER - What is the
primary mechanism behind PUD development?
It produces urease, which neutralizes stomach acid by converting urea to ammonia - CORRECT
ANSWER - How does H. pylori survive in the stomach?
It induces inflammation, disrupts the mucosal barrier, and increases acid secretion - CORRECT
ANSWER - How does H. pylori cause ulcers?
Urease, catalase, and oxidase - CORRECT ANSWER - What enzyme activities does H. pylori
possess?
In the duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER - Where are H. pylori-induced ulcers most
commonly found?
By inhibiting COX-1, reducing prostaglandins that protect the mucosa - CORRECT
ANSWER - How do NSAIDs cause ulcers?
Gastric ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER - Which type of ulcers are more common with NSAID
use?
, Stress-related mucosal damage occurs in critically ill patients due to mucosal ischemia -
CORRECT ANSWER - What is SRMD and who is at risk?
Burning/gnawing pain 1-3 hours after eating, relieved by food - CORRECT ANSWER -
Describe the typical pain of a duodenal ulcer
Pain worsens or is triggered by food intake - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the typical pain
of a gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER - What is nocturnal epigastric pain a sign of?
Nausea, bloating, belching, anorexia, weight loss - CORRECT ANSWER - What symptoms
are associated with PUD?
Bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER - What serious
complications can result from PUD?
Vomiting blood, indicating upper GI bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER - What is hematemesis?
Black, tarry stools from upper GI bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER - What is melena?
Sudden, sharp abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis - CORRECT ANSWER - What
indicates ulcer perforation?
Upper GI endoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - What is the gold standard for
diagnosing PUD?
Urea breath test, stool antigen test, and biopsy-based tests - CORRECT ANSWER - What
diagnostic tests detect H. pylori?
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
PUD - CORRECT ANSWER - A condition characterized by mucosal defects ≥5 mm in the
stomach or duodenum that penetrate the muscularis mucosa.
H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and stress-related mucosal damage (SRMD). - CORRECT
ANSWER - What are the 3 major causes of PUD?
Imbalance between aggressive factors (acid, pepsin, H. pylori, NSAIDs) and protective factors
(mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow, prostaglandins) - CORRECT ANSWER - What is the
primary mechanism behind PUD development?
It produces urease, which neutralizes stomach acid by converting urea to ammonia - CORRECT
ANSWER - How does H. pylori survive in the stomach?
It induces inflammation, disrupts the mucosal barrier, and increases acid secretion - CORRECT
ANSWER - How does H. pylori cause ulcers?
Urease, catalase, and oxidase - CORRECT ANSWER - What enzyme activities does H. pylori
possess?
In the duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER - Where are H. pylori-induced ulcers most
commonly found?
By inhibiting COX-1, reducing prostaglandins that protect the mucosa - CORRECT
ANSWER - How do NSAIDs cause ulcers?
Gastric ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER - Which type of ulcers are more common with NSAID
use?
, Stress-related mucosal damage occurs in critically ill patients due to mucosal ischemia -
CORRECT ANSWER - What is SRMD and who is at risk?
Burning/gnawing pain 1-3 hours after eating, relieved by food - CORRECT ANSWER -
Describe the typical pain of a duodenal ulcer
Pain worsens or is triggered by food intake - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the typical pain
of a gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER - What is nocturnal epigastric pain a sign of?
Nausea, bloating, belching, anorexia, weight loss - CORRECT ANSWER - What symptoms
are associated with PUD?
Bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER - What serious
complications can result from PUD?
Vomiting blood, indicating upper GI bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER - What is hematemesis?
Black, tarry stools from upper GI bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER - What is melena?
Sudden, sharp abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis - CORRECT ANSWER - What
indicates ulcer perforation?
Upper GI endoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - What is the gold standard for
diagnosing PUD?
Urea breath test, stool antigen test, and biopsy-based tests - CORRECT ANSWER - What
diagnostic tests detect H. pylori?
