Genetics Essentials : Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by Benjamin A. Pierce

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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
Benjamin A. Pierce
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,TABLE OF CONTENT
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ChapterA01:AIntroductionAtoAGenetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
ChapterA02:AChromosomesAandACellularAReproduction ......................................................................................... 15
ChapterA03:ABasicAPrinciplesAofAHeredity .............................................................................................................. 32
ChapterA04:AExtensionsAandAModificationsAofABasicAPrinciples ............................................................................ 59
ChapterA05:ALinkage,ARecombination,AandAEukaryoticAGeneAMapping ................................................................ 98
ChapterA06:AChromosomeAVariation .................................................................................................................... 115
ChapterA07:ABacterialAandAViralAGeneticASystems ............................................................................................... 139
ChapterA08ADNA:ATheAChemicalANatureAofAtheAGene ......................................................................................... 152
ChapterA09:ADNAAReplicationAandARecombination ............................................................................................. 181
ChapterA10:AFromADNAAtoAProteins:ATranscriptionAandARNAAProcessing.......................................................... 198
ChapterA11:AFromADNAAtoAProteins:ATranslation ................................................................................................ 224
ChapterA12:AControlAofAGeneAExpression ............................................................................................................ 244
ChapterA13:AGeneAMutations,ATransposableAElements,AandADNAARepair .......................................................... 278
ChapterA14:AMolecularAGeneticAAnalysisAandABiotechnology ............................................................................. 298
ChapterA15:AGenomicsAandAProteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
ChapterA16:ACancerAGenetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
ChapterA17:AQuantitativeAGenetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
ChapterA18:APopulationAandAEvolutionaryAGenetics ............................................................................................ 366




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,ChapterA01:AIntroductionAtoAGenetics
1. AlbinismAisArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations,AoccurringAatAaAfrequencyAofAaboutA1AinA20,000Apeople.AHoweve
r,AtheAtraitAoccursAatAaAfrequencyAofA1AinA200AinAcertainAHopiAvillagesAofABlackAMesaAinAArizona.AExplainAinAter
msAofAnaturalAselectionAwhyAalbinismAisAsoArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations.
ANSWER:AInAmostApopulations,AthereAisAfairlyAstrongAselectionAagainstAalbinismAbecauseAalbinosAdon’tAproduceA
melanin,AcausingAtheirAskinAcellsAnotAtoAbeAprotectedAfromAtheAdamagingAeffectsAofAsunlight.AAlso,At
heAlackAofAmelaninAinAtheirAeyesAcausesAthemAtoAhaveApoorAeyesight.AFinally,AinAmostAculturesAalbin
osAareAseenAasAabnormal,AandAtheyAareAnotAnormallyAsoughtAoutAforAmarriageAandAmating.ATherefore,
AinAmostApopulationsAtheAallelesAthatAcauseAalbinismAareAselectedAagainst,AandAtheyAdecreaseAinAfrequ

encyAorAareAkeptAatAaAlowAlevel,AcausingAtheArecessiveAtraitAtoAbeArare.

2. AlbinismAisArareAinAmostAhumanApopulations,AoccurringAatAaAfrequencyAofAaboutA1AinA20,000Apeople.AHoweve
r,AtheAtraitAoccursAatAaAfrequencyAofA1AinA200AinAcertainAHopiAvillagesAofABlackAMesaAinAArizona.AExplainAinAter
msAofAnaturalAselectionAwhyAtheAtraitAisAsoAmuchAmoreAcommonAamongAtheAHopisAofABlackAMesa.
ANSWER:AAlbinosAoccupyAaAprivilegedApositionAamongAtheAHopisAofABlackAMesa.AInAthisAculture,AalbinosAa
reAviewedAasAespeciallyApretty,Aclean,AandAintelligent,AandAtheyAoftenAoccupyApositionsAofAleaders
hip.AAlbinosAareAcelebratedAinAtheAvillagesAasAaAsignAofApurityAofAHopiAbloodAinAtheAcommunity.
Furthermore,AalbinosAareAoftenAexcusedAfromAnormalAmaleAfieldAlaborAbecauseAofAtheirAsensitivityAto
Asunlight,AcausingAthemAtoAbeAleftAbehindAinAtheAvillageAwithAtheAwomenAduringAtheAdaytime.AThisAa

llowsAthemAextraAmatingAopportunitiesAcomparedAtoAtheAotherAmenAofAtheAvillage.ATherefore,AtheAall
elesAthatAcauseAalbinismAareAeitherAselectedAforAinAthisAcultureAorAatAleastAnotAselectedAagainstAasAstro
nglyAasAinAotherAcultures,AallowingAtheAtraitAtoAoccurAatAaAmuchAhigherAfrequency.

3. WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingApairingsAbetweenAtheAsubdisciplineAofAgeneticsAandAtheAphenomenonA
isAINCORRECT?
a. evolution—populationAgenetics
b. geneAregulation—molecularAgenetics
c. allelicAfrequencyAalteration—populationAgenetics
d. arrangementAofAgenesAonAchromosome—transmissionAgenetics
e. chemicalAnatureAofAtheAgene—transmissionAgenetics
ANSWER:Ae

4. WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingAtopicsAofAresearchAbelongsAtoAtheAdisciplineAofAtransmissionAgenetics?
a. inheritanceApatternAofAgeneAalleles
b. mechanismAofADNAAreplication
c. geneAexpressionApatterns
d. evolution
e. chemicalAmodificationAofAnucleicAacids
ANSWER:Aa

5. TheAcompleteAgeneticAmakeupAofAanAorganismAisAreferredAtoAasAits
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.


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, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:Ad

6. IdentifyAaATRUEAstatementAfromAtheAfollowingAdescriptionsAconcerningAgenetics.
a. TheAtheoryAofApangenesisAstatesAthatAallAlivingAorganismsAareAcomposedAofAcells.
b. BacteriaAandAvirusesAareAnotAusefulAinAstudyingAgenesAandAinheritanceAbecauseAtheyAareAstructural
lyAandAmetabolicallyAdifferentAfromAeukaryoticAcells.
c. CharlesADarwinAaccuratelyAdescribedAtheAlawsAofAinheritanceAinAhisAlandmarkAbook,AOnAtheAOriginA
ofASpecies.
d. ManyAhumanAtraits,AsuchAasAskinAandAhairAcolor,AareAdeterminedAbyAmoreAthanAaAsingleAgene.
e. EvolutionAcanAoccurAwithoutAgeneticAchangesAinAtheApopulation.
ANSWER:Ad

7. IdentifyAaAFALSEAstatementAfromAtheAfollowingAdescriptionsAofAgenetics.
a. HumansAfirstAappliedAgeneticsAtoAtheAdomesticationAofAplantsAandAanimalsAbetweenAapproximatel
yA10,000AandA12,000AyearsAago.
b. SomeAvirusesAuseARNAAtoAcarryAtheirAgeneticAinformation.
c. AlbinismAresultsAfromAaAmutationAinAtheAgenesAthatAcontrolAtheAsynthesisAandAstorageAofAmelanin.
d. AllAhumanAtraitsAthatAdisplayAblendingAinheritanceAareAaffectedAbyAaAsingleAgene.
e. TheAprocessAbyAwhichAgeneticAinformationAisAcopiedAandAdecodedAisAsimilarAforAallAformsAofAlife.
ANSWER:Ad

8. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAspeciesAisAconsideredAaAmodelAgeneticAorganism?
a. theAplantALinariaAvulgaris
b. theAdeerAmouseAPeromyscusAmaniculatus
c. theAwormACaenorhabditisAelegans
d. theAfrogAHylaAchrysoscelis
e. theAchimpanzeeAPanAtroglodytes
AANSWER:Ac




9. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAwouldAserveAtheALEASTAwellAasAaAmodelAforAunderstandingAbasicAmechanismsA
ofAinheritance?
a. fruitAflies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:Ab

10. WhichAofAtheAfollowingAstatementsAisATRUE?
a. EachAsubdisciplineAofAgeneticsAisAveryAspecificAasAtoAwhatAisAexploredAandAdoesAnotAoverlapAwithAthe



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