MICROBIOLOGY WGU OA COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE LATEST GUIDE 2024 GRADED A+
Vegetative Cells vs. Endospores - ans -Typical cell state vs. dormant protective
state.
Sporulation Process - ans -Cells form endospores in hostile environments.
Gram-Negative Bacteria - ans -Thin peptidoglycan layer, lipopolysaccharide in
outer membrane.
Capsid in Viruses - ans -Protein coat with genetic material.
Naked vs. Enveloped Virus - ans -No envelope vs. phospholipid envelope.
Hyphae in Fungi - ans -Filaments forming fungal body.
Mycelium - ans -Network of hyphae in fungi.
Dimorphic Fungus - ans -Changes appearance during life stages.
Ascomycota - ans -Fungal species with ascospores.
Basidiomycota - ans -Fungi producing basidiospores.
Microsporidia - ans -Lack mitochondria, spores with polar tube.
Zygomycota - ans -Saprophytic fungi with coenocytic hyphae.
Protozoans - ans -Wide habitat range, free-living, parasitic, symbiotic.
Schizogony in Protozoans - ans -Nucleus divides multiple times, forming
merozoites.
Parasitic Helminths - ans -Nematoda (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes
(flatworms).
, Monoecious vs. Dioecious - ans -Both sexes vs. separate sexes for reproduction.
Nematoda Characteristics - ans -Roundworms with distinct features.
Monoecious - ans -Organisms with both male and female reproductive organs.
Dioecious - ans -Organisms requiring two different individuals for reproduction.
Nematoda - ans -Roundworms with 15,000 species, unsegmented, found in feces.
Flukes - ans -Non-segmented Platyhelminthes with oral sucker for attachment.
Tapeworms - ans -Segmented Platyhelminthes living in intestines.
Homolactic fermentation - ans -Produces only lactic acid, important in food
fermentation.
Prokaryotic Cells - ans -Lack nucleus membrane, single-celled, lack membrane-
bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - ans -Contain nucleus membrane, genetic material in nucleus,
multicellular, membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosomes in Cells - ans -Prokaryotic: free 80s, Eukaryotic: attached to Rough ER
70s.
Endospores - ans -Protect bacterial genome, survive harsh conditions, form during
sporulation.
Chemotaxis - ans -Movement with chemical gradient.
Phototaxis - ans -Movement toward/away from light.
Bacterial Flagella - ans -Promote movement in bacteria.
Fimbriae - ans -Protein structures for cell attachment.
STUDY GUIDE LATEST GUIDE 2024 GRADED A+
Vegetative Cells vs. Endospores - ans -Typical cell state vs. dormant protective
state.
Sporulation Process - ans -Cells form endospores in hostile environments.
Gram-Negative Bacteria - ans -Thin peptidoglycan layer, lipopolysaccharide in
outer membrane.
Capsid in Viruses - ans -Protein coat with genetic material.
Naked vs. Enveloped Virus - ans -No envelope vs. phospholipid envelope.
Hyphae in Fungi - ans -Filaments forming fungal body.
Mycelium - ans -Network of hyphae in fungi.
Dimorphic Fungus - ans -Changes appearance during life stages.
Ascomycota - ans -Fungal species with ascospores.
Basidiomycota - ans -Fungi producing basidiospores.
Microsporidia - ans -Lack mitochondria, spores with polar tube.
Zygomycota - ans -Saprophytic fungi with coenocytic hyphae.
Protozoans - ans -Wide habitat range, free-living, parasitic, symbiotic.
Schizogony in Protozoans - ans -Nucleus divides multiple times, forming
merozoites.
Parasitic Helminths - ans -Nematoda (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes
(flatworms).
, Monoecious vs. Dioecious - ans -Both sexes vs. separate sexes for reproduction.
Nematoda Characteristics - ans -Roundworms with distinct features.
Monoecious - ans -Organisms with both male and female reproductive organs.
Dioecious - ans -Organisms requiring two different individuals for reproduction.
Nematoda - ans -Roundworms with 15,000 species, unsegmented, found in feces.
Flukes - ans -Non-segmented Platyhelminthes with oral sucker for attachment.
Tapeworms - ans -Segmented Platyhelminthes living in intestines.
Homolactic fermentation - ans -Produces only lactic acid, important in food
fermentation.
Prokaryotic Cells - ans -Lack nucleus membrane, single-celled, lack membrane-
bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - ans -Contain nucleus membrane, genetic material in nucleus,
multicellular, membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosomes in Cells - ans -Prokaryotic: free 80s, Eukaryotic: attached to Rough ER
70s.
Endospores - ans -Protect bacterial genome, survive harsh conditions, form during
sporulation.
Chemotaxis - ans -Movement with chemical gradient.
Phototaxis - ans -Movement toward/away from light.
Bacterial Flagella - ans -Promote movement in bacteria.
Fimbriae - ans -Protein structures for cell attachment.
