Clinical Medicine-Dermatology UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Skin Components - CORRECT ANSWER - Epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands,
hair, nails, and subcutaneous fat
Layers of Epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER - From bottom to top- Basal cell, stratum
spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum (also contains melanocytes and Langerhans
cells)
Basal Cell Layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Basement layer, undifferentiated proliferating
cells
Takes 4 weeks to go from basement to roof
Stratum Spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer above basal cells, contains
keratinocytes. Keratin: fibrous protein, major part of stratum corner
Stratum Granulosum - CORRECT ANSWER - Differentiated cells, have more keratin and
become flatter, cells begin to stick together
Stratum Corneum - CORRECT ANSWER - Major physical barrier, cells are large, flat,
filled with keratin.
Roof layer, stacked in layers. 15-25 most surfaces, 100 on palms/soles
Melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Pigment producing cells in basal cell layer, rise to
surface when stimulated by sunlight
Langerhans Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - From bone marrow, like macrophages and
present antigens to lymphocytes
, Dermis - CORRECT ANSWER - Tough, elastic support. Contains nerves, blood vessels
and appendages. 1-4mm thick (thinner in face, thicker in soles)
Skin Appendages - CORRECT ANSWER - Eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands,
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, nails (all in dermis)
Eccrine Sweat Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - Sweat only, triggered by emotion and
temp, transported by duct in dermis to outside
Apocrine Sweat Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - No useful purpose, body odor only
(caused by surface bacteria), glands in axillae and anogenital areas, reach surface by hair follicle
Hair Follicle - CORRECT ANSWER - Protective and decorative
2 types: vellus (peach fuzz) and terminal (coarse, dark)
Hair Growth - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs in cycles:
anagen: active growth
catagen: transition
telogen- resting, when hair easily falls out
Sebaceous Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - Produce sebum, located with hair follicles,
size and activity controlled by androgen- full size at puberty
Nails - CORRECT ANSWER - Made of keratin, grow at .1mm/day
3 months for finger nails to grow out
6-12 months for toe nails to grow out
Nail Components - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal fold: protects matrix, contains
cuticle
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Skin Components - CORRECT ANSWER - Epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands,
hair, nails, and subcutaneous fat
Layers of Epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER - From bottom to top- Basal cell, stratum
spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum (also contains melanocytes and Langerhans
cells)
Basal Cell Layer - CORRECT ANSWER - Basement layer, undifferentiated proliferating
cells
Takes 4 weeks to go from basement to roof
Stratum Spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer above basal cells, contains
keratinocytes. Keratin: fibrous protein, major part of stratum corner
Stratum Granulosum - CORRECT ANSWER - Differentiated cells, have more keratin and
become flatter, cells begin to stick together
Stratum Corneum - CORRECT ANSWER - Major physical barrier, cells are large, flat,
filled with keratin.
Roof layer, stacked in layers. 15-25 most surfaces, 100 on palms/soles
Melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Pigment producing cells in basal cell layer, rise to
surface when stimulated by sunlight
Langerhans Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - From bone marrow, like macrophages and
present antigens to lymphocytes
, Dermis - CORRECT ANSWER - Tough, elastic support. Contains nerves, blood vessels
and appendages. 1-4mm thick (thinner in face, thicker in soles)
Skin Appendages - CORRECT ANSWER - Eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands,
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, nails (all in dermis)
Eccrine Sweat Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - Sweat only, triggered by emotion and
temp, transported by duct in dermis to outside
Apocrine Sweat Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - No useful purpose, body odor only
(caused by surface bacteria), glands in axillae and anogenital areas, reach surface by hair follicle
Hair Follicle - CORRECT ANSWER - Protective and decorative
2 types: vellus (peach fuzz) and terminal (coarse, dark)
Hair Growth - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs in cycles:
anagen: active growth
catagen: transition
telogen- resting, when hair easily falls out
Sebaceous Glands - CORRECT ANSWER - Produce sebum, located with hair follicles,
size and activity controlled by androgen- full size at puberty
Nails - CORRECT ANSWER - Made of keratin, grow at .1mm/day
3 months for finger nails to grow out
6-12 months for toe nails to grow out
Nail Components - CORRECT ANSWER - Proximal fold: protects matrix, contains
cuticle
