1
Louisiana Horticulture Exam Study Guide 2025/ 2026
/ Comprehensive Study Guide Complete Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers
4 major plant parts include - (answers)roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - (answers)absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - (answers)fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - (answers)root system that consists of numerous multi-
branched roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - (answers)root system that consists
of one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
,2
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
(answers)Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to
grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - (answers)Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - (answers)the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - (answers)water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the
leaves through inner tissues called
phloem - (answers)manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves
through outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - (answers)xylem and
phloem
Cambium layer - (answers)The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
,3
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - (answers)The xylem and
phloem tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular
system through the stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - (answers)the xylem is formed on the
inside next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with
the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - (answers)is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which
interrupts the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - (answers)Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are
called ____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - (answers)in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there
is an _________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called
the ______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - (answers)Some plants have modified stem and
roots structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
, 4
Corms, such as gladiolus - (answers)solid stem structures with remains of dried
scale leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - (answers)the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - (answers)Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a
rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - (answers)roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - (answers)the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - (answers)Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - (answers)Root living through one growing season
October until December - (answers)Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done
from
Dicot Leaf - (answers)Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more
prominent veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
Louisiana Horticulture Exam Study Guide 2025/ 2026
/ Comprehensive Study Guide Complete Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers
4 major plant parts include - (answers)roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - (answers)absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - (answers)fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - (answers)root system that consists of numerous multi-
branched roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - (answers)root system that consists
of one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
,2
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? -
(answers)Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to
grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - (answers)Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - (answers)the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances
manufactured in the plant.
xylem - (answers)water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the
leaves through inner tissues called
phloem - (answers)manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves
through outer stem tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - (answers)xylem and
phloem
Cambium layer - (answers)The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the
____________. Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
,3
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - (answers)The xylem and
phloem tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular
system through the stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - (answers)the xylem is formed on the
inside next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with
the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - (answers)is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which
interrupts the food supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - (answers)Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are
called ____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - (answers)in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there
is an _________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called
the ______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - (answers)Some plants have modified stem and
roots structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
, 4
Corms, such as gladiolus - (answers)solid stem structures with remains of dried
scale leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by
temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - (answers)the main axis or stem of the plant is in a
horizontal position underground
Stolons - (answers)Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a
rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - (answers)roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - (answers)the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - (answers)Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - (answers)Root living through one growing season
October until December - (answers)Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done
from
Dicot Leaf - (answers)Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more
prominent veins with branches forming a conspicuous net
