MARYVILLE NURS 611 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory disease involving degeneration of
myelin; there is usually a clinically isolated syndrome with a single episode of neurologic
dysfunction (often follows pregnancy)
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis (Clinical manifestations) - ✔✔Initially 90% of patients present with
relapsing/remitting course that progresses over 10-20 years; 10% present with primary
progressive course; once walking problems develop, disease progression occurs
quickly.
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis (Picture) - ✔✔
✔✔Myasthenia Gravis - ✔✔A chronic autoimmune disease mediated by acetylcholine
receptor antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junctions
✔✔Myasthenia Gravis (Clinical Manifestations) - ✔✔Exertional fatigue that improves
with rest; history of recurrent respiratory infections; diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies;
facial droop, flat affect; difficulty chewing and swallowing
✔✔Parkinson's Disease (characteristic appearance) - ✔✔Resting tremor, pill-rolling
tremors, bradykinesia/akinesia (poverty of movement), rigidity. A wide-eyed, unblinking,
staring expression; shuffling steps; arms flexed, held stiffly at the side; trunk is bent
forward
✔✔Acute Pain - ✔✔Transient, sudden onset; Clinical signs: Increased pulse rate,
elevated blood pressure, increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, dilated pupils
✔✔Chronic Pain - ✔✔Prolonged and persistent; few overt s/s due to adaptation; most
common form is persistent low back pain
✔✔Glaucoma - ✔✔Leading cause of visual impairment and blindness; family history is a
risk factor; increased introcular pressure causes optic nerve degeneration
✔✔Open-angle Glaucoma - ✔✔Most common; obstruction is in the aqueous flow
✔✔Closed-angle Glaucoma - ✔✔The iris pushes into the lens, blocking aqueous flow
✔✔Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ✔✔Edema, warmth, redness, and pain
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Vasodilation causes slower blood velocity which increases local blood
flow; increased flow and capillary permeability result in leakage of plasma and swelling
, ✔✔Warmth and redness - ✔✔Increased concentration of RBC at the site of
inflammation; chemotactic factor effects the inflammatory response by directing
leukocytes to the inflamed area
✔✔Pain - ✔✔Physiologic response that allows us to know when damage is done
✔✔Inflammatory response - ✔✔One main purpose is to prevent infection of the injured
tissue
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔Opsonization, engulfment, fusion with lysosomal granules,
destruction of the target
✔✔Opsonization - ✔✔Phagocytes recognize the target and adhere to it
✔✔Resolution - ✔✔When cellular damage occurs and it is minor with no significant
complications; it is possible for the injured tissues to return to normal structure and
function
✔✔Humoral immunity - ✔✔Mediated by B-lymphocytes; works in the bodily fluids before
an infectious agent has entered the cell; antibody circulates in the blood and binds to
antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Cellular Immunity - ✔✔T cells differentiate during an immune response and develop
the ability to react directly with antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Types of T cells - ✔✔Some stimulate other leukocytes through contact or through
cytokine secretion; others develop into T-cytotoxic cells that kill targets
✔✔Immune deficiency and T-lymphocytes - ✔✔A patient with this problem needs
screening for malignancy
✔✔Active Immunity - ✔✔Produced by the individual after exposure; either naturally
occurring or via vaccines
✔✔Passive Immunity - ✔✔Occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a
donor to the recipient; naturally occurring as the mother passes antibodies to her
breastfed baby or passive via immunotherapy
✔✔IgG - ✔✔The most abundant class of immunoglobulins; They constitute 80% to 85%
of those circulating in the body and account for most of the protective activity against
infections
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis - ✔✔Chronic inflammatory disease involving degeneration of
myelin; there is usually a clinically isolated syndrome with a single episode of neurologic
dysfunction (often follows pregnancy)
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis (Clinical manifestations) - ✔✔Initially 90% of patients present with
relapsing/remitting course that progresses over 10-20 years; 10% present with primary
progressive course; once walking problems develop, disease progression occurs
quickly.
✔✔Multiple Sclerosis (Picture) - ✔✔
✔✔Myasthenia Gravis - ✔✔A chronic autoimmune disease mediated by acetylcholine
receptor antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junctions
✔✔Myasthenia Gravis (Clinical Manifestations) - ✔✔Exertional fatigue that improves
with rest; history of recurrent respiratory infections; diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies;
facial droop, flat affect; difficulty chewing and swallowing
✔✔Parkinson's Disease (characteristic appearance) - ✔✔Resting tremor, pill-rolling
tremors, bradykinesia/akinesia (poverty of movement), rigidity. A wide-eyed, unblinking,
staring expression; shuffling steps; arms flexed, held stiffly at the side; trunk is bent
forward
✔✔Acute Pain - ✔✔Transient, sudden onset; Clinical signs: Increased pulse rate,
elevated blood pressure, increased respiratory rate, diaphoresis, dilated pupils
✔✔Chronic Pain - ✔✔Prolonged and persistent; few overt s/s due to adaptation; most
common form is persistent low back pain
✔✔Glaucoma - ✔✔Leading cause of visual impairment and blindness; family history is a
risk factor; increased introcular pressure causes optic nerve degeneration
✔✔Open-angle Glaucoma - ✔✔Most common; obstruction is in the aqueous flow
✔✔Closed-angle Glaucoma - ✔✔The iris pushes into the lens, blocking aqueous flow
✔✔Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ✔✔Edema, warmth, redness, and pain
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Vasodilation causes slower blood velocity which increases local blood
flow; increased flow and capillary permeability result in leakage of plasma and swelling
, ✔✔Warmth and redness - ✔✔Increased concentration of RBC at the site of
inflammation; chemotactic factor effects the inflammatory response by directing
leukocytes to the inflamed area
✔✔Pain - ✔✔Physiologic response that allows us to know when damage is done
✔✔Inflammatory response - ✔✔One main purpose is to prevent infection of the injured
tissue
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔Opsonization, engulfment, fusion with lysosomal granules,
destruction of the target
✔✔Opsonization - ✔✔Phagocytes recognize the target and adhere to it
✔✔Resolution - ✔✔When cellular damage occurs and it is minor with no significant
complications; it is possible for the injured tissues to return to normal structure and
function
✔✔Humoral immunity - ✔✔Mediated by B-lymphocytes; works in the bodily fluids before
an infectious agent has entered the cell; antibody circulates in the blood and binds to
antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Cellular Immunity - ✔✔T cells differentiate during an immune response and develop
the ability to react directly with antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Types of T cells - ✔✔Some stimulate other leukocytes through contact or through
cytokine secretion; others develop into T-cytotoxic cells that kill targets
✔✔Immune deficiency and T-lymphocytes - ✔✔A patient with this problem needs
screening for malignancy
✔✔Active Immunity - ✔✔Produced by the individual after exposure; either naturally
occurring or via vaccines
✔✔Passive Immunity - ✔✔Occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a
donor to the recipient; naturally occurring as the mother passes antibodies to her
breastfed baby or passive via immunotherapy
✔✔IgG - ✔✔The most abundant class of immunoglobulins; They constitute 80% to 85%
of those circulating in the body and account for most of the protective activity against
infections
