MARYVILLE NURS 611 EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Opsonization - ✔✔Phagocytes recognize the target and adhere to it
✔✔Resolution - ✔✔When cellular damage occurs and it is minor with no significant
complications; it is possible for the injured tissues to return to normal structure and
function
✔✔Humoral immunity - ✔✔Mediated by B-lymphocytes; works in the bodily fluids before
an infectious agent has entered the cell; antibody circulates in the blood and binds to
antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Cellular Immunity - ✔✔T cells differentiate during an immune response and develop
the ability to react directly with antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Types of T cells - ✔✔Some stimulate other leukocytes through contact or through
cytokine secretion; others develop into T-cytotoxic cells that kill targets
✔✔Immune deficiency and T-lymphocytes - ✔✔A patient with this problem needs
screening for malignancy
✔✔Active Immunity - ✔✔Produced by the individual after exposure; either naturally
occurring or via vaccines
✔✔Passive Immunity - ✔✔Occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a
donor to the recipient; naturally occurring as the mother passes antibodies to her
breastfed baby or passive via immunotherapy
✔✔IgG - ✔✔The most abundant class of immunoglobulins; They constitute 80% to 85%
of those circulating in the body and account for most of the protective activity against
infections
✔✔IgA - ✔✔Molecules found in bodily secretions; there is a secretory piece that is
attached inside mucosal epithelial cells; may function to protect these immunoglobulins
against degradation by enzymes also found in the secretions
✔✔IgM - ✔✔The largest of the immunoglobulins. It is the first antibody produced during
the initial, or primary, response to antigen.
✔✔IgE - ✔✔The least concentrated of any of the immunoglobulin classes in the
circulation; it appears to have very specialized functions as a mediator of many common
allergic responses
, ✔✔Antibodies - ✔✔Protect the host from bacterial invasion; bind to toxins produced by
bacteria and prevent their interaction with cells; neutralizes the bacteria's biologic
effects
✔✔Routes of antigen administration - ✔✔Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte
containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity
✔✔Type I hypersensitivity - ✔✔Mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of
tissue mast cells; causes most common allergies; anaphylaxisis
✔✔Type II hypersensitivity - ✔✔Characterized by a specific cell or tissue being
targeted; antibodies bind to antigens on the cell surface
✔✔Grave's disease - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity reaction; autoantibody binds to and
activates receptors for TSH receptors which control the production thyroxine by the
thyroid; In this way the antibody stimulates the thyroid cells to produce thyroxine.
✔✔Alloimmune reaction to ABO-mismatched blood - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity
reaction; Because individuals with type O blood lack both types of antigens, they are
considered universal donors; A blood has anti-B, B blood has anti-A antibodies; Type
AB individuals are considered universal recipients because they lack both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies and can be transfused with any ABO blood type; Agglutination and
lysis cause harmful transfusion
✔✔Type III hypersensitivity - ✔✔Caused by immune complexes that are formed IN THE
CIRCULATION and deposited later in vessel walls
✔✔Raynaud's phenomenon - ✔✔Type III hypersensitivity reaction; temperature-
dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of peripheral
circulation
✔✔Type IV hypersensitivity - ✔✔Mediated by T lymphocytes, not antibodies; Delayed
response; example: intradermal injection of tuberculin antigen; if patient has been
exposed, a reaction will occur
✔✔Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - ✔✔Deposition of immune complexes
containing antibodies AGAINST DNA produce tissue damage - deposited in renal
tubules, heart, spleen etc.
✔✔SLE clinical manifestations - ✔✔Facial rash, photosensitivity (severe skin rash can
develop with exposure to sun); renal disorders; neurologic disorders; hematologic
disorders
✔✔General Adaptation Syndrome; Alarm Stage - ✔✔CNS is aroused and defenses are
mobilized
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Opsonization - ✔✔Phagocytes recognize the target and adhere to it
✔✔Resolution - ✔✔When cellular damage occurs and it is minor with no significant
complications; it is possible for the injured tissues to return to normal structure and
function
✔✔Humoral immunity - ✔✔Mediated by B-lymphocytes; works in the bodily fluids before
an infectious agent has entered the cell; antibody circulates in the blood and binds to
antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Cellular Immunity - ✔✔T cells differentiate during an immune response and develop
the ability to react directly with antigens on infectious agents
✔✔Types of T cells - ✔✔Some stimulate other leukocytes through contact or through
cytokine secretion; others develop into T-cytotoxic cells that kill targets
✔✔Immune deficiency and T-lymphocytes - ✔✔A patient with this problem needs
screening for malignancy
✔✔Active Immunity - ✔✔Produced by the individual after exposure; either naturally
occurring or via vaccines
✔✔Passive Immunity - ✔✔Occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a
donor to the recipient; naturally occurring as the mother passes antibodies to her
breastfed baby or passive via immunotherapy
✔✔IgG - ✔✔The most abundant class of immunoglobulins; They constitute 80% to 85%
of those circulating in the body and account for most of the protective activity against
infections
✔✔IgA - ✔✔Molecules found in bodily secretions; there is a secretory piece that is
attached inside mucosal epithelial cells; may function to protect these immunoglobulins
against degradation by enzymes also found in the secretions
✔✔IgM - ✔✔The largest of the immunoglobulins. It is the first antibody produced during
the initial, or primary, response to antigen.
✔✔IgE - ✔✔The least concentrated of any of the immunoglobulin classes in the
circulation; it appears to have very specialized functions as a mediator of many common
allergic responses
, ✔✔Antibodies - ✔✔Protect the host from bacterial invasion; bind to toxins produced by
bacteria and prevent their interaction with cells; neutralizes the bacteria's biologic
effects
✔✔Routes of antigen administration - ✔✔Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte
containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity
✔✔Type I hypersensitivity - ✔✔Mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of
tissue mast cells; causes most common allergies; anaphylaxisis
✔✔Type II hypersensitivity - ✔✔Characterized by a specific cell or tissue being
targeted; antibodies bind to antigens on the cell surface
✔✔Grave's disease - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity reaction; autoantibody binds to and
activates receptors for TSH receptors which control the production thyroxine by the
thyroid; In this way the antibody stimulates the thyroid cells to produce thyroxine.
✔✔Alloimmune reaction to ABO-mismatched blood - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity
reaction; Because individuals with type O blood lack both types of antigens, they are
considered universal donors; A blood has anti-B, B blood has anti-A antibodies; Type
AB individuals are considered universal recipients because they lack both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies and can be transfused with any ABO blood type; Agglutination and
lysis cause harmful transfusion
✔✔Type III hypersensitivity - ✔✔Caused by immune complexes that are formed IN THE
CIRCULATION and deposited later in vessel walls
✔✔Raynaud's phenomenon - ✔✔Type III hypersensitivity reaction; temperature-
dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of peripheral
circulation
✔✔Type IV hypersensitivity - ✔✔Mediated by T lymphocytes, not antibodies; Delayed
response; example: intradermal injection of tuberculin antigen; if patient has been
exposed, a reaction will occur
✔✔Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - ✔✔Deposition of immune complexes
containing antibodies AGAINST DNA produce tissue damage - deposited in renal
tubules, heart, spleen etc.
✔✔SLE clinical manifestations - ✔✔Facial rash, photosensitivity (severe skin rash can
develop with exposure to sun); renal disorders; neurologic disorders; hematologic
disorders
✔✔General Adaptation Syndrome; Alarm Stage - ✔✔CNS is aroused and defenses are
mobilized
