NURS 320 - Exam 3 | 383 Complete
Questions And Correct Answers Scored A+ |
New Update 2025
Kidneys receive ___ cardiac output - ANSWER 15~30%
Blood flow to renal bed = ____ greater than to most other organs - ANSWER
10~50×
Renal Functions: - ANSWER 1. Urine formation
2. Elimination of waste products
3. Homeostatic regulation:
> ECF volume and osmolarity (ADH)
> Na+ retention and K+ excretion (aldosterone)
> Ca++ retention and phosphate wasting (PTH, Vitamin D)
> pH balance (excretion or reabsorption of H+ or HCO3- )
4. Regulating hormones and enzymes
Urine formation - ANSWER - Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Excretion
Elimination of waste products (nitrogenous + other end products of metabolism)
produced daily: - ANSWER - Urea - 25~30 g (BUN = 8~28 mg/ml)
,- Creatinine - 1~2 g (normal value = 0.5~1.0 mg/ml)
- Uric acid - (normal value = 3.0~5.0 mg/ml)
- Others - (Sulfates, Nitrates, Phosphates, Magnesium)
Filtration: - ANSWER Blood to lumen
Reabsorption: - ANSWER Lumen to blood
Secretion: - ANSWER Blood to lumen
Excretion: - ANSWER Lumen to external environment
Amount filtered - Amount reabsorbed + Amount secreted = - ANSWER
Amount of solute excreted
Erythropoietin - ANSWER Endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries secrete
erythropoietin in response to hypoxia for RBC formation --- Anemia of Chronic
Renal Failure
Erythropoietin is released from ___ and is stimulated by ___ - ANSWER
Kidneys; stimulated by low oxygen
Target cells of erythropoietin = - ANSWER Bone marrow
Response of erythropoietin = - ANSWER RBC formation
,Vitamin D Metabolism - ANSWER - Conversion of 25-OH vitamin D (storage
form) to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D (active form) by 1α;-hydroxylase, which is activated
by PTH. **
- Controls our calcium
- In our GI tract
Renin - ANSWER - JG (juxtor glomerular) cells secrete renin in response to ↓
renal arterial pressure and ↑ renal sympathetic discharge (b1 effect) --- Renin-
Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Can increase aldosterone and hypertension
- Uses ACE
Prostaglandins - ANSWER - Secretion of prostaglandins that vasodilates the
afferent arterioles to increase GFR.
- Should avoid aspirin/NSAID because they decrease prostaglandins and inhibits
juxta (?)
5 components we need to know for every hormone: - ANSWER 1. Released
from where (location)
2. Stimulus (response to what)
3. Targets
4. What type of response(s)
5. Feedback (+ or -; usually is -)
Vasopressin (ADH) stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↑ plasma osmolarity
, ↓↓ blood volume
ADH is released by - ANSWER Posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (ADH) action on kidney - ANSWER ↑ H2O permeability of
principle cells in collecting duct
↑ urea absorption in collecting duct
↑ Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in thick ascending limb
Aldosterone stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↓ blood volume (via RAA
system)
↑ plasma [K+]
↑ Ang II
Aldosterone is released by the - ANSWER Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone's action on kidney - ANSWER ↑ Na+ reabsorption
↑ K+ secretion
↑ H+ secretion in distal tubule
Ang II stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↓ blood volume (via renin)
Ang II's action on kidney - ANSWER Contraction of efferent arteriole → ↑ GFR
Questions And Correct Answers Scored A+ |
New Update 2025
Kidneys receive ___ cardiac output - ANSWER 15~30%
Blood flow to renal bed = ____ greater than to most other organs - ANSWER
10~50×
Renal Functions: - ANSWER 1. Urine formation
2. Elimination of waste products
3. Homeostatic regulation:
> ECF volume and osmolarity (ADH)
> Na+ retention and K+ excretion (aldosterone)
> Ca++ retention and phosphate wasting (PTH, Vitamin D)
> pH balance (excretion or reabsorption of H+ or HCO3- )
4. Regulating hormones and enzymes
Urine formation - ANSWER - Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Excretion
Elimination of waste products (nitrogenous + other end products of metabolism)
produced daily: - ANSWER - Urea - 25~30 g (BUN = 8~28 mg/ml)
,- Creatinine - 1~2 g (normal value = 0.5~1.0 mg/ml)
- Uric acid - (normal value = 3.0~5.0 mg/ml)
- Others - (Sulfates, Nitrates, Phosphates, Magnesium)
Filtration: - ANSWER Blood to lumen
Reabsorption: - ANSWER Lumen to blood
Secretion: - ANSWER Blood to lumen
Excretion: - ANSWER Lumen to external environment
Amount filtered - Amount reabsorbed + Amount secreted = - ANSWER
Amount of solute excreted
Erythropoietin - ANSWER Endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries secrete
erythropoietin in response to hypoxia for RBC formation --- Anemia of Chronic
Renal Failure
Erythropoietin is released from ___ and is stimulated by ___ - ANSWER
Kidneys; stimulated by low oxygen
Target cells of erythropoietin = - ANSWER Bone marrow
Response of erythropoietin = - ANSWER RBC formation
,Vitamin D Metabolism - ANSWER - Conversion of 25-OH vitamin D (storage
form) to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D (active form) by 1α;-hydroxylase, which is activated
by PTH. **
- Controls our calcium
- In our GI tract
Renin - ANSWER - JG (juxtor glomerular) cells secrete renin in response to ↓
renal arterial pressure and ↑ renal sympathetic discharge (b1 effect) --- Renin-
Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Can increase aldosterone and hypertension
- Uses ACE
Prostaglandins - ANSWER - Secretion of prostaglandins that vasodilates the
afferent arterioles to increase GFR.
- Should avoid aspirin/NSAID because they decrease prostaglandins and inhibits
juxta (?)
5 components we need to know for every hormone: - ANSWER 1. Released
from where (location)
2. Stimulus (response to what)
3. Targets
4. What type of response(s)
5. Feedback (+ or -; usually is -)
Vasopressin (ADH) stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↑ plasma osmolarity
, ↓↓ blood volume
ADH is released by - ANSWER Posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (ADH) action on kidney - ANSWER ↑ H2O permeability of
principle cells in collecting duct
↑ urea absorption in collecting duct
↑ Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in thick ascending limb
Aldosterone stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↓ blood volume (via RAA
system)
↑ plasma [K+]
↑ Ang II
Aldosterone is released by the - ANSWER Adrenal cortex
Aldosterone's action on kidney - ANSWER ↑ Na+ reabsorption
↑ K+ secretion
↑ H+ secretion in distal tubule
Ang II stimulus for secretion - ANSWER ↓ blood volume (via renin)
Ang II's action on kidney - ANSWER Contraction of efferent arteriole → ↑ GFR
