Quiz 2:
Treatments- chemotherapy, external radiation, external radiation, and surgery
Complications of chemotherapy- bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity,
pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Gene predisposes you to breast cancer- BRCA 1 or BRCA 2, excessive production of estrogen
or testosterone
tests to determine prostate cancer- tissue biopsy, tumor markers, CEA
Chemotherapy side effects and how to address- severe anemia, reduced immunity,
thrombocytopenia, alopecia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Antinausea
medications can be given 45 mins beforehand.
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia
Main diff of internal radiation vs external radiation
Oncologic emergencies
Carcinogen- UV rays, lead, viruses, bacteria, radiation…
Promoters- alcohol and smoking
(HPV, Epstein barr virus, hep B and C, H T-cell leukemia virus) viruses that can cause cancer
When is contraindicated for a PSA test
Antitumor antibiotics and major side effects
Techniques of administration include IV, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intraventricular, and
intrathecal.
Difference between benign and malignant tumors- Benign- resemble normal cells but can’t
control cell proliferation and Malignant- lost the ability to control BOTH proliferation and
differentiation -v
Reason for unexplained weight loss in cancer- Angiogenesis- rob the body of nutrients, how
cancer cells survive -v
TNMs staging- T represents the size, N represents non regional involvement,M represents
metastasized -v
Risk factors for developing cancer- genetics, aging, (viruses) ex: hpv, alcohol use,
diabetes/weight, carcinogens, and promoters -v
Different types of carcinogen and promoters- Carcinergin- UV rays/sunlight, lead, viruses,
bacteria, radiation… Promoter- Alcohol, smoking -v
Bleomycin-
chemotherapy agents used to treat various malignancies, including head and neck malignancy,
lymphoma, and testicular tumors, among others. -v
Indication: for palliative treatment in the management malignant neoplasm (trachea, bronchus,
lung) squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphomas
Associated Therapies: Palliative Treatment
, Mechanism of Action: inhibition of DNA synthesis with some evidence of lesser inhibition of RNA
and protein synthesis.
Contraindications- patients who have demonstrated a hypersensitive or an idiosyncratic reaction
to it, reduced pulmonary function, severe lung disease, pregnancy, and lactation.
Diet best for side effects of cancer treatments
- diet best for side effects of cancer treatments is no raw foods, no raw meats, no raw
vegetables. Steamed or boiled foods are best.
Diet to prevent cancer - limiting alcohol consumption, Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables,
fruit, and beans, limit processed meats, limit sweet sugary drinks. - cp CITRUS
Patient teachings for radiation therapy- Never apply anything to radiated area unless prescribed
by radiologist, time and distance is always a factor, Dosimeter badge- for caring for patients with
internal radiation -v
Which diagnostic exams are appropriate for determining different types of cancers- biopsy,
radiologic studies, endoscopy, and lab tests -j & v
Alternatives to achieve a tan and minimize risks for skin cancer
- spray tan -j
Different complications of cancer treatments - Extravasation ( complication from chemo)
Difference between benign cells and normal cells - Benign ( Tumor cells grow locally and cannot
be spread by invasion or metastasis) Normal cells ( Do not have abnormal multiplication of cells,
are not multiplying at a abnormal rate, go through apoptosis)
Definition of apoptosis- programmed cell suicide -v
Definition of carcinogenesis- the initiation of cancer formation. -v
Different oncologic emergencies -
Tumor lysis syndrome (cancer treatment causes cancer cells to die quickly),
hypercalcemia (calcium level in your blood is above normal, renal/kidney failure),
disseminated intravascular coagulation (clotting and bleeding disorder- acute chest pain, early
sign is dvt),
pericardial effusion,
cardiac tamponade,
spinal cord compression,
superior vena cava syndrome.
Treatments- chemotherapy, external radiation, external radiation, and surgery
Complications of chemotherapy- bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity,
pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Gene predisposes you to breast cancer- BRCA 1 or BRCA 2, excessive production of estrogen
or testosterone
tests to determine prostate cancer- tissue biopsy, tumor markers, CEA
Chemotherapy side effects and how to address- severe anemia, reduced immunity,
thrombocytopenia, alopecia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Antinausea
medications can be given 45 mins beforehand.
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia
Main diff of internal radiation vs external radiation
Oncologic emergencies
Carcinogen- UV rays, lead, viruses, bacteria, radiation…
Promoters- alcohol and smoking
(HPV, Epstein barr virus, hep B and C, H T-cell leukemia virus) viruses that can cause cancer
When is contraindicated for a PSA test
Antitumor antibiotics and major side effects
Techniques of administration include IV, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intraventricular, and
intrathecal.
Difference between benign and malignant tumors- Benign- resemble normal cells but can’t
control cell proliferation and Malignant- lost the ability to control BOTH proliferation and
differentiation -v
Reason for unexplained weight loss in cancer- Angiogenesis- rob the body of nutrients, how
cancer cells survive -v
TNMs staging- T represents the size, N represents non regional involvement,M represents
metastasized -v
Risk factors for developing cancer- genetics, aging, (viruses) ex: hpv, alcohol use,
diabetes/weight, carcinogens, and promoters -v
Different types of carcinogen and promoters- Carcinergin- UV rays/sunlight, lead, viruses,
bacteria, radiation… Promoter- Alcohol, smoking -v
Bleomycin-
chemotherapy agents used to treat various malignancies, including head and neck malignancy,
lymphoma, and testicular tumors, among others. -v
Indication: for palliative treatment in the management malignant neoplasm (trachea, bronchus,
lung) squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphomas
Associated Therapies: Palliative Treatment
, Mechanism of Action: inhibition of DNA synthesis with some evidence of lesser inhibition of RNA
and protein synthesis.
Contraindications- patients who have demonstrated a hypersensitive or an idiosyncratic reaction
to it, reduced pulmonary function, severe lung disease, pregnancy, and lactation.
Diet best for side effects of cancer treatments
- diet best for side effects of cancer treatments is no raw foods, no raw meats, no raw
vegetables. Steamed or boiled foods are best.
Diet to prevent cancer - limiting alcohol consumption, Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables,
fruit, and beans, limit processed meats, limit sweet sugary drinks. - cp CITRUS
Patient teachings for radiation therapy- Never apply anything to radiated area unless prescribed
by radiologist, time and distance is always a factor, Dosimeter badge- for caring for patients with
internal radiation -v
Which diagnostic exams are appropriate for determining different types of cancers- biopsy,
radiologic studies, endoscopy, and lab tests -j & v
Alternatives to achieve a tan and minimize risks for skin cancer
- spray tan -j
Different complications of cancer treatments - Extravasation ( complication from chemo)
Difference between benign cells and normal cells - Benign ( Tumor cells grow locally and cannot
be spread by invasion or metastasis) Normal cells ( Do not have abnormal multiplication of cells,
are not multiplying at a abnormal rate, go through apoptosis)
Definition of apoptosis- programmed cell suicide -v
Definition of carcinogenesis- the initiation of cancer formation. -v
Different oncologic emergencies -
Tumor lysis syndrome (cancer treatment causes cancer cells to die quickly),
hypercalcemia (calcium level in your blood is above normal, renal/kidney failure),
disseminated intravascular coagulation (clotting and bleeding disorder- acute chest pain, early
sign is dvt),
pericardial effusion,
cardiac tamponade,
spinal cord compression,
superior vena cava syndrome.
