NUR 631 Renal 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE| COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED
ANSWERS
Angiotensin II A peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillary arterioles and
increases reabsorption of NaCl and water by the proximal tubules of the kidney, increasing
blood pressure and volume.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of
time
azotemia (excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Prerenal failure labs BUN/ Creatinine ratio greater than 20:1
intrarenal failure direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or
reduced blood supply
Postrenal failure Occurs primarily in elderly men with high grade prostatic obstruction.
Significant permanent loss of renal function occurs over 10-14 days with complete obstruction
and worsens with associated UTI.
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis Accumulated extracellular matrix proteins, indicating chronic renal
disease, normal aging of the kidney, or chronic allograft nephropathy.
, compensatory hypertrophy Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with
unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function
obligatory growth occurs under the influence of somatomedins
compensatory growth increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment
postobstructive diuresis Elevated urine output occurring after surgery to remove an
obstruction caused by the inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb water and electrolytes
normally. Usually from hypertension.
Struvite stones Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Indinavir protease inhibitor
Uric acid stones 1. most commonly seen in patients with unusually low urine pH and
hyperuricosuria 2. seen on USG and CT scan 3 treatment: alkalinization of urine
kidney stones (renal calculi) Flank pain radiating to lower abdomen and groin
Keep hydrated 200 ml/Hr and 2.5 L a day PO
Manage pain. Considered "upper" obstruction..
ANSWERS
Angiotensin II A peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillary arterioles and
increases reabsorption of NaCl and water by the proximal tubules of the kidney, increasing
blood pressure and volume.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of
time
azotemia (excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood
Prerenal failure labs BUN/ Creatinine ratio greater than 20:1
intrarenal failure direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or
reduced blood supply
Postrenal failure Occurs primarily in elderly men with high grade prostatic obstruction.
Significant permanent loss of renal function occurs over 10-14 days with complete obstruction
and worsens with associated UTI.
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis Accumulated extracellular matrix proteins, indicating chronic renal
disease, normal aging of the kidney, or chronic allograft nephropathy.
, compensatory hypertrophy Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with
unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function
obligatory growth occurs under the influence of somatomedins
compensatory growth increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment
postobstructive diuresis Elevated urine output occurring after surgery to remove an
obstruction caused by the inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb water and electrolytes
normally. Usually from hypertension.
Struvite stones Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Indinavir protease inhibitor
Uric acid stones 1. most commonly seen in patients with unusually low urine pH and
hyperuricosuria 2. seen on USG and CT scan 3 treatment: alkalinization of urine
kidney stones (renal calculi) Flank pain radiating to lower abdomen and groin
Keep hydrated 200 ml/Hr and 2.5 L a day PO
Manage pain. Considered "upper" obstruction..
