lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
APEA 3P ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK NEW VERSION
2024/2025.
Explain the acronym RICE when treating a sprain?
• R-rest
• I-ice
• C-compression
• E-elevation
Treatment
Apply ice immediately after wound and for the next 24-72 hours. Apply the ice bag for
1020 minutes every 1-2 hours during the day. Wrap the injured part snugly with an
elastic bandage wrap, being careful not to cut off circulation and elevate. This measure
can help minimize swelling and pain and stabilize the joint in proper alignment. The goal
of the treatment is to protect the ligament until it heals by scarring.
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursae, the saclike structure that line freely moveable joint. It occurs
from wound or overuse and often appears when a person has engaged in an
unaccustomed activity, such as shoulder bursitis after digging up the garden plot in the
spring. Bursitis may occur in any heavily used joint, but most commonly occurs in the
elbow, shoulder, hip, or knee.
Symptoms
Localized tenderness and mild to moderate aching pain that is localized to the joint and
is exacerbated by activity of the joint. Swelling may be present.
medbooststuvia
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
DX:
History of wound and physical examination
Treatment
Rest the joint by altering aggravating activity using anti-inflammatory agents, ice,
massage, and a compression wrap if there is soft tissue swelling. If these measures
plus time do not relieve the symptoms an injection of cortisone into the bursa may be
administered.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Nerve problem that occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through
the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
Symptoms
Produces pain, numbness, and tingling of the hand, particularly at night. Repetitive
movements of the hand and wrist particularly with constant flexion of the wrist are
contributing factors.
Treatment
Rest, splinting, changing the angle of the wrist during repetitive movements, or steroid
injection may solve the problem. If any symptoms are of long duration, muscle atrophy
occurs; sensory loss in the fingers and hands is progressive, surgery is indicated.
Surgical decompression of the medial nerve by transection of the carpal ligament is
usually performed as an outpatient procedure.
Fat Embolism
Rare but serious complication of a fracture of a bone that has an abundance of marrow
fat (long bones, pelvis, and ribs)
Symptoms
Change in mental status, respiratory distress, tachypnea, crackles and wheezes upon
auscultation the lungs, rapid pulse, fever, and petechiae (a fine red rash over the chest,
neck, and upper arms, or abdomen)
Treatment
Stay with patient, place patient in High Fowlers Position, use a nonrebreather mask for
high flow oxygen and establish a peripheral line. Summon HCP immediately because
the is an approximate 80% mortality rate from this complication. Anticipate hydration
with IV fluids and correction of acidosis. Intubation and mechanical ventilation may also
be needed if oxygen levels cannot be maintained with supplemental oxygen.
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
Compartment syndrome
Restriction of blood flow that occurs in one or more muscle compartments of the
extremities.
Symptoms
Severe unrelenting pain that is out of proportion to the wound and unrelieved by
narcotics. Decreased sensation numbness and tingling, paleness of the skin, and
weakness of the extremity are other signs.
Treatment
Asses for the 6 P’s (pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, parathesis, and
poikilothermia) elevate the limb, icing, or giving prescribed pain medication does not
relieve the patient's complaint within 30 minutes notify the HCP.
Contractures
Shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity
Nursing Interventions
Exercise and ROM (Range of motion)
1. Isometric exercises
2. Continuous passive motion
3. AROM and PROM
Administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs
Positioning and special beds are needed
Use of slings and splints as needed
Teach ambulation with assistive devices
1. Crutches
2. Walker
3. Cane
Ankylosis
Permanant fixation of a joint
Crutches
Patient stands wearing shoes and positions the crutch tips at a point, 4-6 inches to the
side and 4-6 inches in front of the feet.
Walker
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
It is correct when the person's elbow is bent at a 30-degree angle while standing upright
and grasping the hand grips. The walker is lifted or rolled on its wheels slightly in front
of the patient while leaning the body slightly forward. A step or two is taken into the
walker and then it's lifted and placed in front of the person again.
Cane
Is the right length of the hand grip is at the hip level and the elbow is bent at a 30degree
angle when weight is placed on the cane. It should be used on the good side unless
HCP orders otherwise. The tip of the cane should be placed 6-10 inches to the side and
6 inches in front of the nearer foot walking. Patient should look straight ahead rather
than down when ambulating. The cane is advanced at the same time as the affected
leg. Go up the stairs with your strong leg first, then your weaker leg, then the cane. If
you are going down the stairs start with the cane then your weaker leg, then your
stronger leg.
Skeletal traction
The surgeon inserts pins, wires, or tongs directly through the bone at a point distal to
the fractures so that the force of pull from weights is exerted directly on the bone. Uses
10lbs or more of weight and the body acts as a counteraction.
Skin traction
A bandage (such as moleskin) or a foam traction boot is applied to the limb below the
site of fracture and pull is exerted on the limb. No more than 7 to 10lbs of weight is
used. Asses
Skin must be checked regularly under skin traction because breakdown from pressure
may occur. Age related changes
• Ossification or replacement of cartilage by more solid bony tissue is not completed
throughout the body until age 20-25 years
• Bone density decreases in older adults because of the reabsorption if minerals
• The loss of bone mass or osteoporosis occurs with aging and is more severe in
women
• The bone of older adults are brittle and less compact thus they break easily
• The bones of older adults do not heal readily after a fracture because the
physiologic exchange of minerals decreases with advancing age making the process
of repair much slower
• Thinning of the intervertebral cartilage and collapse of the vertebrae result in
kyphosis (dowagers hump). this is partially responsible for the decrease in height in
older adults
APEA 3P ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK NEW VERSION
2024/2025.
Explain the acronym RICE when treating a sprain?
• R-rest
• I-ice
• C-compression
• E-elevation
Treatment
Apply ice immediately after wound and for the next 24-72 hours. Apply the ice bag for
1020 minutes every 1-2 hours during the day. Wrap the injured part snugly with an
elastic bandage wrap, being careful not to cut off circulation and elevate. This measure
can help minimize swelling and pain and stabilize the joint in proper alignment. The goal
of the treatment is to protect the ligament until it heals by scarring.
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursae, the saclike structure that line freely moveable joint. It occurs
from wound or overuse and often appears when a person has engaged in an
unaccustomed activity, such as shoulder bursitis after digging up the garden plot in the
spring. Bursitis may occur in any heavily used joint, but most commonly occurs in the
elbow, shoulder, hip, or knee.
Symptoms
Localized tenderness and mild to moderate aching pain that is localized to the joint and
is exacerbated by activity of the joint. Swelling may be present.
medbooststuvia
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
DX:
History of wound and physical examination
Treatment
Rest the joint by altering aggravating activity using anti-inflammatory agents, ice,
massage, and a compression wrap if there is soft tissue swelling. If these measures
plus time do not relieve the symptoms an injection of cortisone into the bursa may be
administered.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Nerve problem that occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through
the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
Symptoms
Produces pain, numbness, and tingling of the hand, particularly at night. Repetitive
movements of the hand and wrist particularly with constant flexion of the wrist are
contributing factors.
Treatment
Rest, splinting, changing the angle of the wrist during repetitive movements, or steroid
injection may solve the problem. If any symptoms are of long duration, muscle atrophy
occurs; sensory loss in the fingers and hands is progressive, surgery is indicated.
Surgical decompression of the medial nerve by transection of the carpal ligament is
usually performed as an outpatient procedure.
Fat Embolism
Rare but serious complication of a fracture of a bone that has an abundance of marrow
fat (long bones, pelvis, and ribs)
Symptoms
Change in mental status, respiratory distress, tachypnea, crackles and wheezes upon
auscultation the lungs, rapid pulse, fever, and petechiae (a fine red rash over the chest,
neck, and upper arms, or abdomen)
Treatment
Stay with patient, place patient in High Fowlers Position, use a nonrebreather mask for
high flow oxygen and establish a peripheral line. Summon HCP immediately because
the is an approximate 80% mortality rate from this complication. Anticipate hydration
with IV fluids and correction of acidosis. Intubation and mechanical ventilation may also
be needed if oxygen levels cannot be maintained with supplemental oxygen.
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
Compartment syndrome
Restriction of blood flow that occurs in one or more muscle compartments of the
extremities.
Symptoms
Severe unrelenting pain that is out of proportion to the wound and unrelieved by
narcotics. Decreased sensation numbness and tingling, paleness of the skin, and
weakness of the extremity are other signs.
Treatment
Asses for the 6 P’s (pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, parathesis, and
poikilothermia) elevate the limb, icing, or giving prescribed pain medication does not
relieve the patient's complaint within 30 minutes notify the HCP.
Contractures
Shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity
Nursing Interventions
Exercise and ROM (Range of motion)
1. Isometric exercises
2. Continuous passive motion
3. AROM and PROM
Administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs
Positioning and special beds are needed
Use of slings and splints as needed
Teach ambulation with assistive devices
1. Crutches
2. Walker
3. Cane
Ankylosis
Permanant fixation of a joint
Crutches
Patient stands wearing shoes and positions the crutch tips at a point, 4-6 inches to the
side and 4-6 inches in front of the feet.
Walker
, lOMoARcPSD| 27435123
It is correct when the person's elbow is bent at a 30-degree angle while standing upright
and grasping the hand grips. The walker is lifted or rolled on its wheels slightly in front
of the patient while leaning the body slightly forward. A step or two is taken into the
walker and then it's lifted and placed in front of the person again.
Cane
Is the right length of the hand grip is at the hip level and the elbow is bent at a 30degree
angle when weight is placed on the cane. It should be used on the good side unless
HCP orders otherwise. The tip of the cane should be placed 6-10 inches to the side and
6 inches in front of the nearer foot walking. Patient should look straight ahead rather
than down when ambulating. The cane is advanced at the same time as the affected
leg. Go up the stairs with your strong leg first, then your weaker leg, then the cane. If
you are going down the stairs start with the cane then your weaker leg, then your
stronger leg.
Skeletal traction
The surgeon inserts pins, wires, or tongs directly through the bone at a point distal to
the fractures so that the force of pull from weights is exerted directly on the bone. Uses
10lbs or more of weight and the body acts as a counteraction.
Skin traction
A bandage (such as moleskin) or a foam traction boot is applied to the limb below the
site of fracture and pull is exerted on the limb. No more than 7 to 10lbs of weight is
used. Asses
Skin must be checked regularly under skin traction because breakdown from pressure
may occur. Age related changes
• Ossification or replacement of cartilage by more solid bony tissue is not completed
throughout the body until age 20-25 years
• Bone density decreases in older adults because of the reabsorption if minerals
• The loss of bone mass or osteoporosis occurs with aging and is more severe in
women
• The bone of older adults are brittle and less compact thus they break easily
• The bones of older adults do not heal readily after a fracture because the
physiologic exchange of minerals decreases with advancing age making the process
of repair much slower
• Thinning of the intervertebral cartilage and collapse of the vertebrae result in
kyphosis (dowagers hump). this is partially responsible for the decrease in height in
older adults
