Pharmacology Ati Proctored Actual Exam Newest Version With Ngn Format Question And Correct Detailed Answers With Rationales Rated Agrade Questions & Answers

A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about strategies to minimize the anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse suggest for the client? - ANSWERSChew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth. When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and is experiencing anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would provide moisture to the client's mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is an anticholinergic adverse effect. Gentamicin - ANSWERSGentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed to treat serious infections caused by aerobic bacilli Complications of Gentamicin - ANSWERSGentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules. Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency. The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this client at increased risk for nephrotoxicity. What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin? - ANSWERSBUN Blood creatinine Peak and trough levels of gentamicin Specific gravity of urine Urinalysis BUN - ANSWERSblood urea nitrogen Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin - ANSWERSMonitor intake and output. Notify the provider of low urinary output. Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload. Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity. A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining and maintaining knowledge about which of the following medication information? - ANSWERSAdverse Effects Mechanism of Action Contraindications Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to compare expected outcomes with actual findings total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - ANSWERSnutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What information (4 things) should the nurse include in the report? - ANSWERSTime of the incident who was notified of the incident actions taken following the incident client identification Adverse effects of oxybutynin - ANSWERSAnticholinergic effects (dry mouth, eyes,) blurred vision Hypotension peripheral edema QT interval prolongation adverse effects of fentanyl patches - ANSWERSRespiratory Depression Hypotension Constipation Nausea or Vomiting Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis? - ANSWERSTake a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid use and stool softeners can decrease the severity Adverse effects of haloperidol - ANSWERSextrapyrimidal symptoms extrapyramidal symptoms - ANSWERSinvoluntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia When using dopamine to treat heart failure, what are signs to watch indicating the medication is effective - ANSWERSDopamine is an adrenergic that causes a receptor specificity effect, which increases cardiac output and improves perfusion. You might notice increased urine output as well Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide - ANSWERSDizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, polyuria, nocturia, muscle cramps, or spasms. (think: LOWERS BP) A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client actions should the nurse take prior to administering this medication - ANSWERSHCTZ is a thiazide diuretic administered to promote urine output and reduce blood pressure and edema. The nurse should obtain the client's blood pressure prior to administration of the medication. What is sucralfate? - ANSWERSForms protective coat over ulcers, causes constipation is Zolpidem designed for long or short term use? - ANSWERSshort term Zolpidem adverse effects - ANSWERSDrowsiness, headache, dizziness, complex sleep-related behavior, amnesia What is Zolpidem primarily used to treat - ANSWERSinsomnia Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) - ANSWERSClinical name for Opioid addiction What drug is administered as a treatment for opioid use disorder - ANSWERSadminister methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder. Methadone can be administered for withdrawal and to assist with maintenance and suppressive therapy. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - ANSWERSAdverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe "lead pipe" rigidty, FEVER, and mental status changes What is ciprofloxacin? - ANSWERSAlso known as Cipro, this is an antibacterial drug used to treat a wide spectrum of bacterial diseases, including anthrax and UTI. contraindications of ciprofloxacin - ANSWERShypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any quinolone, concurrent therapy with tizanidine Why is tendonitis a contraindication for taking ciprofloxacin? - ANSWERSTendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, the tissue that connects muscles to bones. Taking ciprofloxacin can increase the risk of developing tendonitis because it can affect the structure and integrity of tendons, making them more prone to injury and inflammation. (tendon rupture) filgrastim - ANSWERSUsed with neutropenia to increase production of neutrophils and decreases risk of infection. Usually for those on chemo Stimulates bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils filgrastim adverse effects - ANSWERSbone pain, leukocytosis, enlarged spleen what is diazepam - ANSWERSValium, a benzodiazepine, is an anxiolytic/anticonvulsant/muscle relaxant what drug reverses the effects of diazepam - ANSWERSflumazenil manifestations of diazepam toxicity - ANSWERSmonitor the client for manifestations of diazepam toxicity, such as respiratory depression and hypotension. The nurse should be prepared to administer flumazenil to reverse the effects of diazepam. What is the fist action that should be taken when a client is prescribed an incorrect dose? - ANSWERSassess the client what does metformin do - ANSWERSIncreases the body's sensitivity to insulin docusate sodium - ANSWERSstool softener How does docusate sodium work? - ANSWERSDocusate sodium is a surfactant that softens stool by reducing surface tension, allowing water to penetrate the stool more easily. A nurse contacts a client's provider on the telephone to obtain a prescription for pain medication. Which actions should the nurse take when writing down names the nurse in not familiar with? - ANSWERSThe nurse should ask the provider to spell out the name of the medication if the stated name is one the nurse is not familiar with. How does a nurse determine if morphine treatment has been effective? - ANSWERSthe nurse can perform a pain assessment to determine the severity of the clients pain before and after morphine administration Nitroglycerin - ANSWERSnitrate drug used in the treatment of angina adverse effects of nitroglycerin - ANSWERSheadache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia The nurse is caring for a client who is taking nitroglycerin for angina and reports feeling faint when standing up, what actions should the nurse take? - ANSWERSThe nurse should first assist the client into bed to prevent injuries from a fall. The nurse should elevate the client's legs on pillows to enhance venous return from the lower extremities. The nurse should then check the client's blood pressure.