PSYC 2230 Chapter 11 Questions with verified answers
Cause vs consequence of low self-esteem Ans✓✓✓ - Substance abuse
- Aggression, bullying, doing poorly in school
*Low self-esteem is both a cause of future harmful outcomes and a consequence
of past difficulties - low self-esteem may cause to withdraw from peers, causing
poor peer relationships and then lower self-esteem further and the cycle goes on
Define ethnic identity. Ans✓✓✓ · Ethnic identity: feeling a part of one's ethnic
group and learning the special customs and traditions of their group's culture and
heritage
Define narcissistic children/adolescents. Consequences? Ans✓✓✓ Narcissistic
children and adolescents: have a grandiose view of themselves, believe
themselves to be better than others, and yet relish attention and compliments
from others
An inflated sense of self-worth can contribute to bullying and aggression (peer
relation issues)
- Parents may be warm but manipulative, children crave attention
- May feel entitled or more valuable, dominant (peers may become more
submissive)
- Creates conflict as peers try to see things more fairly
Describe the Selman's 5 stages? Ans✓✓✓ - Undifferentiated (3-6) - children know
that self and others can have different thoughts and feelings, but they often
confuse the two
- Social-informational (4-9) - children know that perspectives differ because
people have access to different information
, - Self-reflective (7-12) - children can step into each other's shoes and view
themselves as others do; they know that others can do the same
- Third-person (10-15) - children can step outside the immediate situation to see
how they and another person are viewed by a third person
- Societal (14 to adult) - adolescents realize that a third person's perspective is
influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts
Discuss prejudice in children over time. Ans✓✓✓ v Prejudice: a negative view of
others based on their membership in a specific group
v Preschoolers and kindergarteners attribute many positive traits to their own
groups
v Prejudice usually declines during elementary school, increases flexibility
v By 10 or 11, most children are aware of racially based stereotypes, implicit bias
remains
v Prejudice increases again in adolescence; exposure to prejudices and looking for
identity in same groups
Fixed vs. incremental mindset Ans✓✓✓ - Incremental mindset - belief that effort
will lead to positive outcomes
- Fixed mindset - see ability as "set" at a fixed level
How can parents support self-esteem? Ans✓✓✓ o Praise should focus on effort
rather than ability
o When faced with an apparent setback in their work:
- Children praised for their effort will work harder
- Children praised for their ability will not try as hard
Cause vs consequence of low self-esteem Ans✓✓✓ - Substance abuse
- Aggression, bullying, doing poorly in school
*Low self-esteem is both a cause of future harmful outcomes and a consequence
of past difficulties - low self-esteem may cause to withdraw from peers, causing
poor peer relationships and then lower self-esteem further and the cycle goes on
Define ethnic identity. Ans✓✓✓ · Ethnic identity: feeling a part of one's ethnic
group and learning the special customs and traditions of their group's culture and
heritage
Define narcissistic children/adolescents. Consequences? Ans✓✓✓ Narcissistic
children and adolescents: have a grandiose view of themselves, believe
themselves to be better than others, and yet relish attention and compliments
from others
An inflated sense of self-worth can contribute to bullying and aggression (peer
relation issues)
- Parents may be warm but manipulative, children crave attention
- May feel entitled or more valuable, dominant (peers may become more
submissive)
- Creates conflict as peers try to see things more fairly
Describe the Selman's 5 stages? Ans✓✓✓ - Undifferentiated (3-6) - children know
that self and others can have different thoughts and feelings, but they often
confuse the two
- Social-informational (4-9) - children know that perspectives differ because
people have access to different information
, - Self-reflective (7-12) - children can step into each other's shoes and view
themselves as others do; they know that others can do the same
- Third-person (10-15) - children can step outside the immediate situation to see
how they and another person are viewed by a third person
- Societal (14 to adult) - adolescents realize that a third person's perspective is
influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts
Discuss prejudice in children over time. Ans✓✓✓ v Prejudice: a negative view of
others based on their membership in a specific group
v Preschoolers and kindergarteners attribute many positive traits to their own
groups
v Prejudice usually declines during elementary school, increases flexibility
v By 10 or 11, most children are aware of racially based stereotypes, implicit bias
remains
v Prejudice increases again in adolescence; exposure to prejudices and looking for
identity in same groups
Fixed vs. incremental mindset Ans✓✓✓ - Incremental mindset - belief that effort
will lead to positive outcomes
- Fixed mindset - see ability as "set" at a fixed level
How can parents support self-esteem? Ans✓✓✓ o Praise should focus on effort
rather than ability
o When faced with an apparent setback in their work:
- Children praised for their effort will work harder
- Children praised for their ability will not try as hard
