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NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2025

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Define Pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans-The impact of the body on drugs. How much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action. Four major pharmokinetic processes - Correct Ans-Drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion. Define Pharmacodynamics - Correct Ans-The impact of drugs on the body. The nature and intensity of the response to the drug. Two major areas in which you can apply pharmacologic knowledge. - Correct Ans-Patient care and patient education. Seven aspects of drug therapy. - Correct Ans-Pre administration assessment, dosage and administration, evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects, minimizing adverse effects, minimizing adverse reactions, making "as needed" (PRN) decisions, and managing toxicity. Pre administration assessment - Correct Ans-Three basic goals: collecting baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic and adverse responses, identifying high -risk patients, and assessing the patient's capacity for self-care. To help reduce adverse effects, you must know - Correct Ans-The major adverse effects the drug can produce, when these reactions are likely to occur, early signs that an adverse reaction is developing, and interventions that can minimize discomfort and harm. PRN - Correct Ans-pro re nata, a Latin phrase meaning as needed Nursing process - Correct Ans-ADPIE - Assessment, analysis (diagnosis), planning, implementation, and evaluation. Complete nursing diagnosis - Correct Ans-A statement of the pt's actual or potential health problem, a statement of the problem's probable cause or risk factors, and the signs, symptoms, or other evidence of the problem. Statements are separated by the phrases related to and as evidenced by Objective of drug therapy - Correct Ans-Produce maximum benefit with minimum harm Pre administration assessment - Correct Ans-Establish the baseline data needed to tailor drug therapy to the individual. Pre administration assessment goals - Correct Ans-Collection of baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic effects, collection of baseline data needed to evaluate adverse effects, identification of high-risk patients, and assessment of the pt's capacity for self-care. Containdication - Correct Ans-A preexisting condition that precludes use of a particular drug under all but the most critical of circumstances. Precaution - Correct Ans-A preexisting condition that significantly increases the risk of an adverse reaction to a particular drug, but not to s degree that is life threatening. Pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans-1. Absorption 2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. elimination "Body affecting drugs" Absorption - Correct Ans-Enteral route involves the GI system (oral) Parenteral route = IV, IM Transdermal = through the skin Respiratory = droplet, inhalation Distribution - Correct Ans-Amount of drug in the body divided by the plasma drug concentration. Factors effecting distribution - Correct Ans-Blood flow, lipid solubility, molecular size of the drug, plasma proteins (very important) Volume of distribution - Correct Ans-Vd = amount of drug in the body divided by the amount of drug in the plasma divided by bioavailability. Bioavailability - Correct Ans-How much drug makes it into the system. Must account for absorption and extraction. Extraction - Correct Ans-How much of the drugs bioavailability can be used by the body. **IV route dosing (parenteral) - Correct Ans-Goes directly to the body. Results in 100% bioavailability. Decreasing first pass effect, decreasing absorption limitations, extractions... By passes absorption and extraction. Loading dose - Correct Ans-[Peak] concentration X Vd divided by bioavailability Maintenance dose - Correct Ans-[Peak] X Clearance divided by bioavailability Clearance is affected by - Correct Ans-Kidney function **If a patient has kidney disease you would - Correct Ans-Decrease your maintenance dose; loading dose stays the same (doesn't affect clearance) Metabolism - Correct Ans- Phase 1 reaction - Correct Ans-Oxidation, reduction, hydrolytic (CYP450 system in the liver) Zone 3: Hepatic acinus where drugs are modified Goal is to made polar, water soluble molecules Phase 2 reaction - Correct Ans-Gluceronudation, acetylation, sulfation (inactive metabolites) **First pass effect - Correct Ans-Liver encounters drug before it enters the system. Enteral drugs...intestine to portal circulation (SI to liver)...hepatic portal vein...central vein...hepatic vein...IVC...heart...body Metabolism - Correct Ans-Occurs in the liver (hepatic portal vein...central vein. **Elimination - Correct Ans-Two routes: through the kidney (urine) and GI (bile, feces) **Clearance - Correct Ans-Elimination of drug divided by the concentration of the drug in the plasma. Elimination constant - Correct Ans-Clearance divided by volume of distribution. 1/2 life (T 1/2) - Correct Ans-Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug 0.693 X Vd divided by clearance 5 T1/2 - Correct Ans-To get rid of drug in the

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Nursing



NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 2025

Define Pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans-The impact of the body on drugs. How much of
an administered dose gets to its sites of action.

Four major pharmokinetic processes - Correct Ans-Drug absorption, drug distribution,
drug metabolism, and drug excretion.

Define Pharmacodynamics - Correct Ans-The impact of drugs on the body. The nature
and intensity of the response to the drug.

Two major areas in which you can apply pharmacologic knowledge. - Correct Ans-
Patient care and patient education.

Seven aspects of drug therapy. - Correct Ans-Pre administration assessment, dosage
and administration, evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects, minimizing adverse
effects, minimizing adverse reactions, making "as needed" (PRN) decisions, and
managing toxicity.

Pre administration assessment - Correct Ans-Three basic goals: collecting baseline
data needed to evaluate therapeutic and adverse responses, identifying high -risk
patients, and assessing the patient's capacity for self-care.

To help reduce adverse effects, you must know - Correct Ans-The major adverse
effects the drug can produce, when these reactions are likely to occur, early signs that
an adverse reaction is developing, and interventions that can minimize discomfort and
harm.

PRN - Correct Ans-pro re nata, a Latin phrase meaning as needed

Nursing process - Correct Ans-ADPIE - Assessment, analysis (diagnosis), planning,
implementation, and evaluation.

Complete nursing diagnosis - Correct Ans-A statement of the pt's actual or potential
health problem, a statement of the problem's probable cause or risk factors, and the
signs, symptoms, or other evidence of the problem. Statements are separated by the
phrases related to and as evidenced by

Objective of drug therapy - Correct Ans-Produce maximum benefit with minimum harm

Pre administration assessment - Correct Ans-Establish the baseline data needed to
tailor drug therapy to the individual.


Nursing

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