MCN 374 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Family centered care - Answers :Addressing and meeting emotional, social, physical,
spiritual, cultural, and developmental needs of children and families seeking health care
Atraumatic care: Goals - Answers :Prevent/minimize separation from family
Promote sense of control
Prevent/minimize bodily injury and pain
Causes of Infant Mortality - Answers :Congenital malformations, low birth weight,
maternal complications, SIDS, unintentional injuries
"New" Morbidity - Answers :Pediatric Social Illness
Behavior, social, and educational problems
Factors like poverty, violence, aggression, noncompliance, school failure, adjustment to
parental separation or divorce
Parenting Styles: Authoritarian - Answers :Rigid
Sets rules
Parenting Styles: Authoritative - Answers :Sets limits
Listens to child
Parenting Styles: Permissive - Answers :No limits
Child sets rules
Lots of love
Parenting Styles: Indifferent - Answers :Little interest in child
Low control
Low Warmth
Strategies for Limit-Setting and Discipline - Answers :To minimize misbehavior
Reasoning
Behavior modification
Consequences
Time out
Corporal punishment
Family assessment performed when - Answers :Suspected abuse
To give a picture of home life
Family Assessment: Goals - Answers :Assess family strengths and support
mechanisms
Identify coping strategies
Identify when families have overextended their resources
Identify when families need additional support
,Examine family strengths and stressors
Cultural Assessment Tool - Answers :Provides information on health practices based on
patient beliefs, values, and customs
Culture - Answers :Characterizes a particular group with its values, beliefs, norms,
patterns, and practices that are learned, shared, and transmitted from one generation
another
Race - Answers :A biologic term distinguishing variety of humans by physical traits
Ethnicity - Answers :The affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural,
social, and linguistic heritage
Cultural Considerations that Influence Health Care - Answers :Family roles/organization
Communication
Time orientation
Nutrition
Health beliefs/approaches/practices
Cultural Traditions to Maintain, Protect, and Restore Health - Answers :Special clothes,
foods, and medicines
Feelings, attitudes, rituals
Identity
Customs/prayers/healing
Types of CAM - Answers :Herbal medications, vitamins minerals, probiotics
Acupuncture, massage, therapeutic tough
Meditation, relaxation, yoga, prayer
Essential ils, candles
Pediatric Assessment: Communication - Answers :Introduce yourself politely to the
parents and child, acknowledge other family members in the room as well
Explain what your role is and the purpose of communication
Involve the child in the communication
Let the child warm up to your
When speaking to the child get down to their level physically if possible
Use developmentally/cognitively appropriate speech for both the child and parents
Always refer to parents as Mr. or Mrs. unless they tell you otherwise
Be aware and sensitive to any cultural differences, if unsure ask the family
Careful listening - be attentive and respectful
Try to help focus parents/child on specific information you are trying to elicit
Use a family-oriented approach to encourage everyone to express concerns or
questions
Use an interpreter if needed
,Pediatric Assessment: Health Hx Components - Answers :Biographical data
Chief complain and hx of present illness
Past health hx (birth hx, parent history, immunizations)
Social history, environmental risk, siblings, genetic diseases, hospital admissions,
allergies, surgeries
Review of systems
Nutritional assessment
Sleep assessment
Psychosocial assessment (how they do in school, with other kids)
Developmental assessment (milestones, delays)
Pediatric Assessment: Notes - Answers :Kids have a higher metabolic rate, increased
caloric needs, and increased oxygen needs
Start with least intrusive first
Consider anxiety level
Use developmental approach
Include family when appropriate
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Infant - Answers :Birth-12m
Examine on parents lap
Use a pacifier or cuddling to keep infant calm and quiet
Utilize distraction
Start with feet and hands and move to trunk
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Toddler - Answers :1-3yrs
Examine on parents lap
Demonstrate use of instruments on parent or security object
Offer choices when possible
Let child have some control
Start with hands and feet and move to trunk
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Preschool - Answers :3-6yrs
Allow child to play with equipment
Give simple explanations
Offer choice when possible
Utilize distraction
Developmental Approach to Assessment: School-age - Answers :6-12yrs
Demonstrate how instruments are used
Allow child to handle them
Explain what and why you are doing something
Offer choices
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Adolescent - Answers :12-18yrs
Protect modesty
Perform assessment in private unless parent/sibling is requested
, Physical Examination - Answers :Recumbent length up to 24m + weight and HC
(clothes off)
Standing height + weight after 24m (shoes off)
HC until 24-36m
Plot on growth chart (between 5-95th percentile is normal)
Vital Signs: Infant - Answers :HR 80-170
Resp 30-44
BP-S 65-100
BP-D 45-65
Vital Signs: Toddler - Answers :HR 70-120
Resp 20-40
BP-S 90-105
BP-D 55-70
Vital Signs: Preschooler - Answers :HR 70-120
Resp 20-30
BP-S 95-110
BP-D 60-75
Vital Signs: School-aged - Answers :HR 60-100
Resp 16-22
BP-S 100-120
BP-D 60-75
Vital Signs: Adolescent - Answers :HR 60-100
Resp 12-20
BP-S 110-135
BP-D 65-85
Pediatric Blood Pressures - Answers :Not normally done on an infant
Too large cuff = falsely high reading
Too small cuff = falsely low reading
Body Systems to Examine - Answers :General appearance
Behavior
Skin
Head
Neck
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Throat
Mouth
Family centered care - Answers :Addressing and meeting emotional, social, physical,
spiritual, cultural, and developmental needs of children and families seeking health care
Atraumatic care: Goals - Answers :Prevent/minimize separation from family
Promote sense of control
Prevent/minimize bodily injury and pain
Causes of Infant Mortality - Answers :Congenital malformations, low birth weight,
maternal complications, SIDS, unintentional injuries
"New" Morbidity - Answers :Pediatric Social Illness
Behavior, social, and educational problems
Factors like poverty, violence, aggression, noncompliance, school failure, adjustment to
parental separation or divorce
Parenting Styles: Authoritarian - Answers :Rigid
Sets rules
Parenting Styles: Authoritative - Answers :Sets limits
Listens to child
Parenting Styles: Permissive - Answers :No limits
Child sets rules
Lots of love
Parenting Styles: Indifferent - Answers :Little interest in child
Low control
Low Warmth
Strategies for Limit-Setting and Discipline - Answers :To minimize misbehavior
Reasoning
Behavior modification
Consequences
Time out
Corporal punishment
Family assessment performed when - Answers :Suspected abuse
To give a picture of home life
Family Assessment: Goals - Answers :Assess family strengths and support
mechanisms
Identify coping strategies
Identify when families have overextended their resources
Identify when families need additional support
,Examine family strengths and stressors
Cultural Assessment Tool - Answers :Provides information on health practices based on
patient beliefs, values, and customs
Culture - Answers :Characterizes a particular group with its values, beliefs, norms,
patterns, and practices that are learned, shared, and transmitted from one generation
another
Race - Answers :A biologic term distinguishing variety of humans by physical traits
Ethnicity - Answers :The affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural,
social, and linguistic heritage
Cultural Considerations that Influence Health Care - Answers :Family roles/organization
Communication
Time orientation
Nutrition
Health beliefs/approaches/practices
Cultural Traditions to Maintain, Protect, and Restore Health - Answers :Special clothes,
foods, and medicines
Feelings, attitudes, rituals
Identity
Customs/prayers/healing
Types of CAM - Answers :Herbal medications, vitamins minerals, probiotics
Acupuncture, massage, therapeutic tough
Meditation, relaxation, yoga, prayer
Essential ils, candles
Pediatric Assessment: Communication - Answers :Introduce yourself politely to the
parents and child, acknowledge other family members in the room as well
Explain what your role is and the purpose of communication
Involve the child in the communication
Let the child warm up to your
When speaking to the child get down to their level physically if possible
Use developmentally/cognitively appropriate speech for both the child and parents
Always refer to parents as Mr. or Mrs. unless they tell you otherwise
Be aware and sensitive to any cultural differences, if unsure ask the family
Careful listening - be attentive and respectful
Try to help focus parents/child on specific information you are trying to elicit
Use a family-oriented approach to encourage everyone to express concerns or
questions
Use an interpreter if needed
,Pediatric Assessment: Health Hx Components - Answers :Biographical data
Chief complain and hx of present illness
Past health hx (birth hx, parent history, immunizations)
Social history, environmental risk, siblings, genetic diseases, hospital admissions,
allergies, surgeries
Review of systems
Nutritional assessment
Sleep assessment
Psychosocial assessment (how they do in school, with other kids)
Developmental assessment (milestones, delays)
Pediatric Assessment: Notes - Answers :Kids have a higher metabolic rate, increased
caloric needs, and increased oxygen needs
Start with least intrusive first
Consider anxiety level
Use developmental approach
Include family when appropriate
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Infant - Answers :Birth-12m
Examine on parents lap
Use a pacifier or cuddling to keep infant calm and quiet
Utilize distraction
Start with feet and hands and move to trunk
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Toddler - Answers :1-3yrs
Examine on parents lap
Demonstrate use of instruments on parent or security object
Offer choices when possible
Let child have some control
Start with hands and feet and move to trunk
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Preschool - Answers :3-6yrs
Allow child to play with equipment
Give simple explanations
Offer choice when possible
Utilize distraction
Developmental Approach to Assessment: School-age - Answers :6-12yrs
Demonstrate how instruments are used
Allow child to handle them
Explain what and why you are doing something
Offer choices
Developmental Approach to Assessment: Adolescent - Answers :12-18yrs
Protect modesty
Perform assessment in private unless parent/sibling is requested
, Physical Examination - Answers :Recumbent length up to 24m + weight and HC
(clothes off)
Standing height + weight after 24m (shoes off)
HC until 24-36m
Plot on growth chart (between 5-95th percentile is normal)
Vital Signs: Infant - Answers :HR 80-170
Resp 30-44
BP-S 65-100
BP-D 45-65
Vital Signs: Toddler - Answers :HR 70-120
Resp 20-40
BP-S 90-105
BP-D 55-70
Vital Signs: Preschooler - Answers :HR 70-120
Resp 20-30
BP-S 95-110
BP-D 60-75
Vital Signs: School-aged - Answers :HR 60-100
Resp 16-22
BP-S 100-120
BP-D 60-75
Vital Signs: Adolescent - Answers :HR 60-100
Resp 12-20
BP-S 110-135
BP-D 65-85
Pediatric Blood Pressures - Answers :Not normally done on an infant
Too large cuff = falsely high reading
Too small cuff = falsely low reading
Body Systems to Examine - Answers :General appearance
Behavior
Skin
Head
Neck
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Throat
Mouth
