AQA GCSE Biology exam For Exam ...,
Exercises of Biology
In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - ANSWER-plant cell
What does an animal cell have? - ANSWER-- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
What does the nucleus do? - ANSWER-contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm? - ANSWER-gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It
contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
What is the cell membrane - ANSWER-holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What happens in the mitochondria? - ANSWER-these are where most of the reactions for respiration
take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
What happens in the ribosomes? - ANSWER-these are where proteins are made in the cell
What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - ANSWER-a nucleus- genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
What is a yeast cell an example of? - ANSWER-a single cell organism
What does a yeast cell have? - ANSWER-- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - ANSWER-leaf cells have chloroplasts and a cellulose cell
wall. yeast cells have neither
What is the definition of diffusion? - ANSWER-the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES from an area of
HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
the NET MOVEMENT of PARTICLES down a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
What substances can diffuse through cell membranes? - ANSWER-small molecules like oxygen,
glucose, amino acids and water
What substances can't diffuse through cell membranes? - ANSWER-big molecules like starch and
proteins
What are some examples of diffusion? - ANSWER-- the diffusion of oxygen into the cells of the body
from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring (and using up oxygen)
- the diffusion of carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- the diffusion of simple sugars and amino acids for the gut through cell membranes
, When, and in which direction, will diffusion take place in solutions and in gases? - ANSWER-- if two
solutions are separated by a cell membrane, particles will move from a region of high concentration
to a region of low concentration
- gases will also diffuse through the air from a region of high concentration to a region of low
concentration
How is a leaf cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis? - ANSWER-- the leaf has mesophyll tissue
- the mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts which can photosynthesise
How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis? - ANSWER-- packed will chloroplasts for
photosynthesis
- tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing carbon dioxide from the
air in the leaf
- they are grouped together at the top of the leaf so that they can absorb more sunlight
How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen? - ANSWER-- concave shape gives a big surface area
for absorbing oxygen. it also helps them pass smoothly through capillaries to reach body cells
- packed with haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen
- they have no nucleus to leave even more room for haemoglobin
How are sperm cells adapted for swimming to the egg? - ANSWER-- streamlined head and flagella to
help it swim to the egg
- there are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
- carry enzymes in their heads to digest through the egg cell membrane
If a cell has many mitochondria... - ANSWER-it must need a lot of energy, e.g. muscle cell, sperm cell
If a cell has many ribosomes... - ANSWER-it is making a lot of protein, e.g. gland cells which produce
enzymes
If a cell has flagella.. - ANSWER-it must be able to move, e.g. sperm cells
What is the process by which cells become specialised? - ANSWER-differentiation
What is meant by the term differentiation of cells? - ANSWER-- when cells start to divide they are very
similar
- as the tissues develop the cells change to form particular function
What is a tissue? - ANSWER-a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular
function
What sort of tissue can you find in mammals? - ANSWER-- Epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the
body, e.g. the inside and outside of the gut
- Muscular tissue: contracts to move whatever its attached to
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes chemicals like hormones and enzymes
What is an organ? - ANSWER-a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain
function, e.g. stomach
What tissues are the stomach made up of and what are their purposes? - ANSWER-- Epithelial tissue:
covers the inside and outside of the stomach
- Muscular tissue: contracts the stomach wall to churn up the food
Exercises of Biology
In which type of cell would you find a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole? - ANSWER-plant cell
What does an animal cell have? - ANSWER-- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- ribosomes
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
What does the nucleus do? - ANSWER-contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What is the cytoplasm? - ANSWER-gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It
contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions
What is the cell membrane - ANSWER-holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What happens in the mitochondria? - ANSWER-these are where most of the reactions for respiration
take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work
What happens in the ribosomes? - ANSWER-these are where proteins are made in the cell
What does a bacterial cell NOT have? - ANSWER-a nucleus- genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
What is a yeast cell an example of? - ANSWER-a single cell organism
What does a yeast cell have? - ANSWER-- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- surrounding cell wall
How is a leaf cell different from a yeast cell? - ANSWER-leaf cells have chloroplasts and a cellulose cell
wall. yeast cells have neither
What is the definition of diffusion? - ANSWER-the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES from an area of
HIGH CONCENTRATION to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION
or
the NET MOVEMENT of PARTICLES down a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
What substances can diffuse through cell membranes? - ANSWER-small molecules like oxygen,
glucose, amino acids and water
What substances can't diffuse through cell membranes? - ANSWER-big molecules like starch and
proteins
What are some examples of diffusion? - ANSWER-- the diffusion of oxygen into the cells of the body
from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring (and using up oxygen)
- the diffusion of carbon dioxide into actively photosynthesising plant cells
- the diffusion of simple sugars and amino acids for the gut through cell membranes
, When, and in which direction, will diffusion take place in solutions and in gases? - ANSWER-- if two
solutions are separated by a cell membrane, particles will move from a region of high concentration
to a region of low concentration
- gases will also diffuse through the air from a region of high concentration to a region of low
concentration
How is a leaf cell adapted to carry out photosynthesis? - ANSWER-- the leaf has mesophyll tissue
- the mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts which can photosynthesise
How are palisade cells adapted for photosynthesis? - ANSWER-- packed will chloroplasts for
photosynthesis
- tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing carbon dioxide from the
air in the leaf
- they are grouped together at the top of the leaf so that they can absorb more sunlight
How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen? - ANSWER-- concave shape gives a big surface area
for absorbing oxygen. it also helps them pass smoothly through capillaries to reach body cells
- packed with haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen
- they have no nucleus to leave even more room for haemoglobin
How are sperm cells adapted for swimming to the egg? - ANSWER-- streamlined head and flagella to
help it swim to the egg
- there are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
- carry enzymes in their heads to digest through the egg cell membrane
If a cell has many mitochondria... - ANSWER-it must need a lot of energy, e.g. muscle cell, sperm cell
If a cell has many ribosomes... - ANSWER-it is making a lot of protein, e.g. gland cells which produce
enzymes
If a cell has flagella.. - ANSWER-it must be able to move, e.g. sperm cells
What is the process by which cells become specialised? - ANSWER-differentiation
What is meant by the term differentiation of cells? - ANSWER-- when cells start to divide they are very
similar
- as the tissues develop the cells change to form particular function
What is a tissue? - ANSWER-a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular
function
What sort of tissue can you find in mammals? - ANSWER-- Epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the
body, e.g. the inside and outside of the gut
- Muscular tissue: contracts to move whatever its attached to
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes chemicals like hormones and enzymes
What is an organ? - ANSWER-a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain
function, e.g. stomach
What tissues are the stomach made up of and what are their purposes? - ANSWER-- Epithelial tissue:
covers the inside and outside of the stomach
- Muscular tissue: contracts the stomach wall to churn up the food
