BLS Basic Life Support: Provider Manual
BLS is the foundation for - ANS-Saving lives after cardiac arrest
BLS objectives - ANS-Recognize cardiac arrest, Activate the emergency response system early,
Respond quickly and confidently
Importance of high-quality CPR and its impact on survival - ANS-improves a victim's chances of
survival
Chains of survival steps - ANS-
Signs of someone needing CPR - ANS-unresponsive, no normal breathing, no pulse
AED (automated external defibrillator) - ANS-
2 key components of CPR - ANS-1. chest compressions 2. breaths
* Critical Concepts: High-quality CPR - ANS--Start compressions within 10 seconds after
recognizing cardiac arrest
-Push hard, push fast: compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min with a depth of:
at least 2 inches (5cm) for adults but no more than 2.4 inches (6cm);
at least one third the depth of the chest, approximately 2 inches (5cm), for children;
at least one third of the depth of the chest, approximately 1&1/2 inches (4cm), for infants
-Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. Avoid leaning on the chest between
compressions
-Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds)
-Give effective breaths. Deliver each breath over 1 second, enough make the victim's chest rise.
Avoid excessive ventilation
Resuscitation response determined by - ANS-available emergency equipment, availability of
trained rescuers, level of training expertise, local protocols
Infants - ANS-younger than 1 year of age (excluding newborns)
Children - ANS-1 year of age to puberty (males: chest or underarm hair, females: breasts)
Adults - ANS-adolescents (ie after the onset of puberty) and older
Pediatric In-Hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Early Recognition and Prevention> Activation of
Emergency Response> High-Quality CPR> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest
Care> Recovery
, Pediatric Out-of-hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Prevention> Activation of Emergency
Response> High-Quality CPR> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Adult In-Hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Early Recognition and Prevention> Activation of
Emergency Response> High-Quality CPR> Defibrillation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Adult Out-of-Hospiral Chain of Survival - ANS-Activation of Emergency Response> High-Quality
CPR> Defibrillation> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Basic Chain of Survival elements - ANS--Prevention and preparedness
-Activating the emergency response system
-High-quality CPR, including early defibrillation
-Advanced resuscitation interventions
-Post cardiac arrest care
-Recovery
Actions most closely related to good resuscitation outcomes - ANS--high-quality CPR with
minimal interruptions are early defibrillation
-can double or triple the chances of survival
ROSC - ANS-Return of spontaneous circulation
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
a. Healthcare clinics
b. Homes
c. Recreational facilities
d. Shopping centers - ANS-b. Homes
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
a. Cardiac problem
b. Congenital or acquired heart attack
c. Respiratory failure or shock
d. Infection and sepsis - ANS-c. Respiratory failure or shock
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival?
a. Advanced life support
b. High-quality CPR
c. Prevention
d. Defibrillation - ANS-d. Defibrillation
Hands-Only CPR - ANS-A single rescuer with little training and no equipment who witnesses a
cardiac arrest in a middle-aged man might provide only chest compressions until help arrives
BLS is the foundation for - ANS-Saving lives after cardiac arrest
BLS objectives - ANS-Recognize cardiac arrest, Activate the emergency response system early,
Respond quickly and confidently
Importance of high-quality CPR and its impact on survival - ANS-improves a victim's chances of
survival
Chains of survival steps - ANS-
Signs of someone needing CPR - ANS-unresponsive, no normal breathing, no pulse
AED (automated external defibrillator) - ANS-
2 key components of CPR - ANS-1. chest compressions 2. breaths
* Critical Concepts: High-quality CPR - ANS--Start compressions within 10 seconds after
recognizing cardiac arrest
-Push hard, push fast: compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min with a depth of:
at least 2 inches (5cm) for adults but no more than 2.4 inches (6cm);
at least one third the depth of the chest, approximately 2 inches (5cm), for children;
at least one third of the depth of the chest, approximately 1&1/2 inches (4cm), for infants
-Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. Avoid leaning on the chest between
compressions
-Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds)
-Give effective breaths. Deliver each breath over 1 second, enough make the victim's chest rise.
Avoid excessive ventilation
Resuscitation response determined by - ANS-available emergency equipment, availability of
trained rescuers, level of training expertise, local protocols
Infants - ANS-younger than 1 year of age (excluding newborns)
Children - ANS-1 year of age to puberty (males: chest or underarm hair, females: breasts)
Adults - ANS-adolescents (ie after the onset of puberty) and older
Pediatric In-Hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Early Recognition and Prevention> Activation of
Emergency Response> High-Quality CPR> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest
Care> Recovery
, Pediatric Out-of-hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Prevention> Activation of Emergency
Response> High-Quality CPR> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Adult In-Hospital Chain of Survival - ANS-Early Recognition and Prevention> Activation of
Emergency Response> High-Quality CPR> Defibrillation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Adult Out-of-Hospiral Chain of Survival - ANS-Activation of Emergency Response> High-Quality
CPR> Defibrillation> Advanced Resuscitation> Post-Cardiac Arrest Care> Recovery
Basic Chain of Survival elements - ANS--Prevention and preparedness
-Activating the emergency response system
-High-quality CPR, including early defibrillation
-Advanced resuscitation interventions
-Post cardiac arrest care
-Recovery
Actions most closely related to good resuscitation outcomes - ANS--high-quality CPR with
minimal interruptions are early defibrillation
-can double or triple the chances of survival
ROSC - ANS-Return of spontaneous circulation
In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?
a. Healthcare clinics
b. Homes
c. Recreational facilities
d. Shopping centers - ANS-b. Homes
Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
a. Cardiac problem
b. Congenital or acquired heart attack
c. Respiratory failure or shock
d. Infection and sepsis - ANS-c. Respiratory failure or shock
What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival?
a. Advanced life support
b. High-quality CPR
c. Prevention
d. Defibrillation - ANS-d. Defibrillation
Hands-Only CPR - ANS-A single rescuer with little training and no equipment who witnesses a
cardiac arrest in a middle-aged man might provide only chest compressions until help arrives
