PLTW MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Chemotherapy and Radiation - ✔✔c- s the use of any drug to treat any disease
r-remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in a certain area, but chemo can work throughout
the whole body.
✔✔What part of the ear converts vibrations into the electrical information sent to the
brain? - ✔✔auditory cortex
✔✔Sperm sorting will prevent what type of disease? Choices: Tay Sacs, Sickle cell,
Down syndrome,
hemophelia - ✔✔hemophelia
✔✔Microarray Test - ✔✔ncreasingly utilized for genetic testing of individuals with
unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum
disorders (ASD), or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA).
✔✔Peptidoglycan layer of a cell - ✔✔also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of
sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of
most bacteria, forming the cell wall.
✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or
the nerve from the ear to the brain
✔✔CKD - ✔✔Chronic kidney disease
✔✔plasmids - ✔✔can be trasferred to another bacterium
Small, circular piece of DNA. Located in the cytoplasm and contain information for
antibiotic resistance.
✔✔conductive hearing loss - ✔✔hearing loss of the outer ear
✔✔Does a higher frequency show a higher or lower pitch - ✔✔higher
✔✔why is dna heated to 94C in the first steps of PCR - ✔✔DNA separates into single
strands. This process is termed denaturation.
✔✔amminocentesis - ✔✔delete
, ✔✔p53 tumor suppressor gene - ✔✔has come to the forefront of cancer research
because it is
commonly mutated in human cancer
✔✔The analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent
mental retardation,
disability or death. - ✔✔newborn screening
✔✔PGD - ✔✔Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure used prior to
implantation to help identify genetic defects within embryos created through in vitro
fertilization to prevent certain diseases or disorders from being passed on to the child
✔✔A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence
of DNA. - ✔✔gene
✔✔A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. -
✔✔karotype
✔✔A short piece of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a section of template strand
and acts as an attachment and starting point for the synthesis strand during DNA
replication. - ✔✔primer
✔✔A DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high temperatures of PCR. - ✔✔taq
polymerase
✔✔A noninvasive technique involving the formation of a two-dimensional image used
for the
examination and measurement of internal body structures and the detection of bodily
abnormalities. - ✔✔ultrasonography
✔✔The genetic makeup of an organism. - ✔✔genotype
✔✔A technique that involves copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of
copies in a
short period of time. - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
✔✔A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing
and analyzing a
sample of the fetal portion of the placenta. - ✔✔chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Chemotherapy and Radiation - ✔✔c- s the use of any drug to treat any disease
r-remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in a certain area, but chemo can work throughout
the whole body.
✔✔What part of the ear converts vibrations into the electrical information sent to the
brain? - ✔✔auditory cortex
✔✔Sperm sorting will prevent what type of disease? Choices: Tay Sacs, Sickle cell,
Down syndrome,
hemophelia - ✔✔hemophelia
✔✔Microarray Test - ✔✔ncreasingly utilized for genetic testing of individuals with
unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum
disorders (ASD), or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA).
✔✔Peptidoglycan layer of a cell - ✔✔also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of
sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of
most bacteria, forming the cell wall.
✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or
the nerve from the ear to the brain
✔✔CKD - ✔✔Chronic kidney disease
✔✔plasmids - ✔✔can be trasferred to another bacterium
Small, circular piece of DNA. Located in the cytoplasm and contain information for
antibiotic resistance.
✔✔conductive hearing loss - ✔✔hearing loss of the outer ear
✔✔Does a higher frequency show a higher or lower pitch - ✔✔higher
✔✔why is dna heated to 94C in the first steps of PCR - ✔✔DNA separates into single
strands. This process is termed denaturation.
✔✔amminocentesis - ✔✔delete
, ✔✔p53 tumor suppressor gene - ✔✔has come to the forefront of cancer research
because it is
commonly mutated in human cancer
✔✔The analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent
mental retardation,
disability or death. - ✔✔newborn screening
✔✔PGD - ✔✔Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure used prior to
implantation to help identify genetic defects within embryos created through in vitro
fertilization to prevent certain diseases or disorders from being passed on to the child
✔✔A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence
of DNA. - ✔✔gene
✔✔A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. -
✔✔karotype
✔✔A short piece of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a section of template strand
and acts as an attachment and starting point for the synthesis strand during DNA
replication. - ✔✔primer
✔✔A DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high temperatures of PCR. - ✔✔taq
polymerase
✔✔A noninvasive technique involving the formation of a two-dimensional image used
for the
examination and measurement of internal body structures and the detection of bodily
abnormalities. - ✔✔ultrasonography
✔✔The genetic makeup of an organism. - ✔✔genotype
✔✔A technique that involves copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of
copies in a
short period of time. - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
✔✔A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing
and analyzing a
sample of the fetal portion of the placenta. - ✔✔chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
