NUR 206 COMMUNITY FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is secondary prevention? - ✔✔SCREENING
early detection and intervention to halt or slow the progression.
✔✔What is tertiary prevention? - ✔✔TREATMENT
aims to minimize impact of the disease or injury and prevent further complications
✔✔Common values, customs, traditions, practices, beliefs, knowledge, language etc.
are all considered what? - ✔✔Shared culture
✔✔What principles affect positive change? - ✔✔- Participation (active involvement of
community members)
-Proper timing (strategic planning of interventions at opportune moments
-Resistance to change (reluctance encountered when introducing new ideas, practices,
etc)
-Interdependence (interconnectedness and interrelatedness to individuals, groups, and
systems within a community
✔✔What is the purpose of a cultural assessment? - ✔✔make nursing diagnosis and
determine cultural factors influencing nursing interventions
✔✔What are the steps to seek grant funding? - ✔✔1. Select a funder
2. Provide proof of interdisciplinary/community involvement
3. Submit a letter of inquiry (may be an invitation only or a part of advertisement)
4. The request for proposal carefully and write a clear, well prepared grant proposal that
carefully follows the guidelines
5. If the grant is not selected, contact the funder to request a review of your submission
✔✔What are negative effects of ethnocentric views? - ✔✔- cultural insensitivity
-communication barriers
-decreased trust/cooperation
-health disparities
-reduced patient satisfaction
-inequitable care
-stress/psychological harm
-increased health risks
✔✔What are the types of grants? - ✔✔- planning (funds provided to support initial
development)
-start-up (provided to support initial implementation phase of new project/program
,-management (funds allocated to support ongoing administration and operational
management of program)
-facility (funds provided to support the physical infrastructure needed for a
program/project.)
✔✔What is the PRECEDE-PROCEED model? - ✔✔Proceed stands for policy,
regulatory, and organization constructs for educational and environmental development.
The Precede-Proceed models includes eight phases in the formulation and evaluation
of health educational programs.
✔✔What are the first five phases that are included in the Precede portion of the model?
- ✔✔1. Social
2. Epidemiologic
3. Educational/ecological assessments
4. Administrative & policy assessment & intervention alignment.
5. Implementation
✔✔What are the last three phases that are included in the Proceed model? - ✔✔1.
Process evaluation
2. Impact evaluation
3. Outcome evaluation
✔✔How can one be an effective advocate? - ✔✔speaking up for patients needs
✔✔What is included in a Native American cultural assessment? - ✔✔-Family/Social
structure (they often have a strong emphasis on extended family & community
-Communication (may include high value on listening & observing rather than speaking;
avoid interrupting)
-Health beliefs/practices (viewed as holistically, spiritual, emotional; traditional healing
practices)
-Spirituality (beliefs & practices play central role in health/illness; respect it)
-Death/dying (attitudes toward death can vary; specific rituals; be respectful; inquire
about the honor of practices)
✔✔What is included in an Asian American cultural assessment? - ✔✔-Family/Hierarchy
(emphasize family loyalty & hierarchical relationships; elders typically hold respected
position
-Communication (indirect & non-confrontational; may emphasize maintaining harmony;
be attentive to nonverbal cues)
-Health Beliefs/Practices (may be influenced by concepts such as balance/flow of
energy)
-Role of Traditional Healers (healers play significant role
-Perception of modern medicine (varying trust levels in western medicine)
, -Mental Health (mental health issues may carry stigma/discussing can be challenging;
be sensitive)
✔✔What does SMART stand for? - ✔✔-Specific
-Measurable
-Attainable
-Relevant
-Time Bound
✔✔What are the process activities within the Logic Model? - ✔✔-Resources/Inputs
(goes into the program including human, financial, organizational & community
resources Ex. staff, volunteers, time, money, materials, equipment, and partnerships.)
-Activities (including actions, processes, techniques, tools, events, & technologies used
Ex. training sessions, workshops, meetings, outreach, service delivery, & educational
activities.)
-Outputs (direct products or services that result from the activities.)
✔✔What are the outcome activities within the Logic Model? - ✔✔-Short-term outcomes
(health promotion-immediate effects of the program; including changes in
knowledge/attitudes/skills)
-Intermediate outcomes (occur after short-term and lead to desired long-term outcomes
Ex. improved health behaviors etc.)
-Long-term outcomes (Public health outcomes- ultimate impacts of the program and are
achieved over a longer period. Ex. Reduced incidence of disease, improved population
health, enhanced community.)
✔✔What are the teaching domains & examples? - ✔✔- Psychomotor- visible
demonstration of skills requiring some type of neuromuscular coordination
-Cognitive- mind & thinking processes (Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze,
Evaluate, Create)
-Affective- emotion, feeling, and affect
✔✔What is the Pender's Health Promotion Model? - ✔✔theoretical framework that aims
to explain & predict health-promoting behaviors; the model emphasizes the role of
individual characteristics & experiences, behavior-specific cognitions & affect, and
behavioral outcomes in the process of health promotion.
✔✔What are the key components of Pender's Health Promotion Model? - ✔✔-Individual
Characteristics & Experiences
- Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affects
-Behavioral Outcomes
✔✔Steps to apply principles of transcultural nursing - ✔✔-Develop cultural self-
awareness
-Cultivate cultural sensitivity
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is secondary prevention? - ✔✔SCREENING
early detection and intervention to halt or slow the progression.
✔✔What is tertiary prevention? - ✔✔TREATMENT
aims to minimize impact of the disease or injury and prevent further complications
✔✔Common values, customs, traditions, practices, beliefs, knowledge, language etc.
are all considered what? - ✔✔Shared culture
✔✔What principles affect positive change? - ✔✔- Participation (active involvement of
community members)
-Proper timing (strategic planning of interventions at opportune moments
-Resistance to change (reluctance encountered when introducing new ideas, practices,
etc)
-Interdependence (interconnectedness and interrelatedness to individuals, groups, and
systems within a community
✔✔What is the purpose of a cultural assessment? - ✔✔make nursing diagnosis and
determine cultural factors influencing nursing interventions
✔✔What are the steps to seek grant funding? - ✔✔1. Select a funder
2. Provide proof of interdisciplinary/community involvement
3. Submit a letter of inquiry (may be an invitation only or a part of advertisement)
4. The request for proposal carefully and write a clear, well prepared grant proposal that
carefully follows the guidelines
5. If the grant is not selected, contact the funder to request a review of your submission
✔✔What are negative effects of ethnocentric views? - ✔✔- cultural insensitivity
-communication barriers
-decreased trust/cooperation
-health disparities
-reduced patient satisfaction
-inequitable care
-stress/psychological harm
-increased health risks
✔✔What are the types of grants? - ✔✔- planning (funds provided to support initial
development)
-start-up (provided to support initial implementation phase of new project/program
,-management (funds allocated to support ongoing administration and operational
management of program)
-facility (funds provided to support the physical infrastructure needed for a
program/project.)
✔✔What is the PRECEDE-PROCEED model? - ✔✔Proceed stands for policy,
regulatory, and organization constructs for educational and environmental development.
The Precede-Proceed models includes eight phases in the formulation and evaluation
of health educational programs.
✔✔What are the first five phases that are included in the Precede portion of the model?
- ✔✔1. Social
2. Epidemiologic
3. Educational/ecological assessments
4. Administrative & policy assessment & intervention alignment.
5. Implementation
✔✔What are the last three phases that are included in the Proceed model? - ✔✔1.
Process evaluation
2. Impact evaluation
3. Outcome evaluation
✔✔How can one be an effective advocate? - ✔✔speaking up for patients needs
✔✔What is included in a Native American cultural assessment? - ✔✔-Family/Social
structure (they often have a strong emphasis on extended family & community
-Communication (may include high value on listening & observing rather than speaking;
avoid interrupting)
-Health beliefs/practices (viewed as holistically, spiritual, emotional; traditional healing
practices)
-Spirituality (beliefs & practices play central role in health/illness; respect it)
-Death/dying (attitudes toward death can vary; specific rituals; be respectful; inquire
about the honor of practices)
✔✔What is included in an Asian American cultural assessment? - ✔✔-Family/Hierarchy
(emphasize family loyalty & hierarchical relationships; elders typically hold respected
position
-Communication (indirect & non-confrontational; may emphasize maintaining harmony;
be attentive to nonverbal cues)
-Health Beliefs/Practices (may be influenced by concepts such as balance/flow of
energy)
-Role of Traditional Healers (healers play significant role
-Perception of modern medicine (varying trust levels in western medicine)
, -Mental Health (mental health issues may carry stigma/discussing can be challenging;
be sensitive)
✔✔What does SMART stand for? - ✔✔-Specific
-Measurable
-Attainable
-Relevant
-Time Bound
✔✔What are the process activities within the Logic Model? - ✔✔-Resources/Inputs
(goes into the program including human, financial, organizational & community
resources Ex. staff, volunteers, time, money, materials, equipment, and partnerships.)
-Activities (including actions, processes, techniques, tools, events, & technologies used
Ex. training sessions, workshops, meetings, outreach, service delivery, & educational
activities.)
-Outputs (direct products or services that result from the activities.)
✔✔What are the outcome activities within the Logic Model? - ✔✔-Short-term outcomes
(health promotion-immediate effects of the program; including changes in
knowledge/attitudes/skills)
-Intermediate outcomes (occur after short-term and lead to desired long-term outcomes
Ex. improved health behaviors etc.)
-Long-term outcomes (Public health outcomes- ultimate impacts of the program and are
achieved over a longer period. Ex. Reduced incidence of disease, improved population
health, enhanced community.)
✔✔What are the teaching domains & examples? - ✔✔- Psychomotor- visible
demonstration of skills requiring some type of neuromuscular coordination
-Cognitive- mind & thinking processes (Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze,
Evaluate, Create)
-Affective- emotion, feeling, and affect
✔✔What is the Pender's Health Promotion Model? - ✔✔theoretical framework that aims
to explain & predict health-promoting behaviors; the model emphasizes the role of
individual characteristics & experiences, behavior-specific cognitions & affect, and
behavioral outcomes in the process of health promotion.
✔✔What are the key components of Pender's Health Promotion Model? - ✔✔-Individual
Characteristics & Experiences
- Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affects
-Behavioral Outcomes
✔✔Steps to apply principles of transcultural nursing - ✔✔-Develop cultural self-
awareness
-Cultivate cultural sensitivity
