BUAL EXAM ONE Chen Yan Test Questions With Verified Correct Answers Complete Solutions.

Data - correct answer facts and figures from which conclusions can be drawn Data Set - correct answer the data that are collected for a particular study EX. maybe people, objects, events, or other entries Variable - correct answer any characteristic of an element Quantitative - correct answer he possible measurements of the values of a variable are numbers that represent quantities -Numerical -How many and how much Qualitative (categorical) - correct answer the possible measurements fall into several categories: categorical o Weight of a package o Size o Time Cross-sectional data - correct answer data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time Time series data - correct answer data collected over different time periods Population - correct answer a set of all elements about which we wish to draw conclusions Sample - correct answer a subset of the elements of a population Sample size - correct answer .. probability sampling - correct answer sampling where we know the chance that each element in the population will be included in the sample § Required for statistical inference § Cluster § Systematic § Stratified non-probability sampling - correct answer sampling where we select elements because they are convenient to sample Convenience sampling - correct answer sampling where we select elements because they are convenient to sample Voluntary sampling - correct answer samples in which participants self-select Judgement sampling - correct answer samples in which a person who is extremely knowledgeable about the population selects population elements he or she feels are most representative Nominative - correct answer qualitative, A qualitative variable for which there is no meaningful ordering, or ranking, of the categories § Gender, Car Ordinal - correct answer qualitative, A qualitative variable for which there is a meaningful ordering, or ranking, of the categories § Teaching effectiveness Interval - correct answer quantitative, Same as ordinal plus...Measurements are on a numerical scale with an arbitrary zero point, can only meaningfully compare values by the interval between them · Example: temperature Ratio - correct answer quantitative, Same as interval plus...Measurements are on a numerical scale with a meaningful zero point · Zero means "none" or "nothing" Values can be compared by their intervals and ratios · $30 is $20 more than $10 · $0 means no money In business and finance, most quantitative variables are ratio variables, such as anything related to money · Examples: Earnings, profit, loss, age, distance, height Stratified random sampling - correct answer divide population into non-overlapping groups (strata) then select a random sample from each strata (cluster) Multistage cluster sampling - correct answer divide population into clusters and then randomly select clusters to sample Systematic sampling - correct answer list population, select random starting point, sample each nTH element Dichotomous questions - correct answer clearly stated, Easy to answer, Easy to analyze, Limited information Multiple choice questions - correct answer allow more than two responses, usually analyzed with averages open-ended questions - correct answer most honest and complete information, cannot be readily summarized Phone - correct answer Inexpensive, Low response rate Mail - correct answer Inexpensive, Low response rates (20-30 percent), Requires multiple mailings Web - correct answer Cheaper still, Same problems as mail surveys Personal Interview - correct answer More expensive, More control, Higher response rates Summarizing Qualitative Data - correct answer With qualitative data, names identify the different categories; This data can be summarized using a frequency distribution Frequency/ Relative Freq/ Percent Freq (Qualitative) - correct answer A table that summarizes the number of items in each of several non-overlapping classes Bar Chart - correct answer A vertical or horizontal rectangle represents the frequency for each category Pie Chart - correct answer A circle divided into slices where the size of each slice represents its relative frequency or percent frequency Summarizing Quantitative Data - correct answer Often need to summarize and describe the shape of the distribution; One way is to group the measurements into classes of a frequency distribution; After grouping we can form a histogram Frequency/ Relative Freq/ Percent Freq (Quantitative) - correct answer A frequency distribution is a list of data classes with the count of values that belong to each class § "Classify and count" § The frequency distribution is a table o Show the frequency distribution in a histogram § The histogram is a picture of the frequency distribution Histogram - correct answer a graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges Frequency Polygons - correct answer Plot a point above each class midpoint at a height equal to the frequency of the class; Useful when compari