Digital Radiography And PACS Overview: Questions
And Step-by-Step Answers
Film Correct Answer - Used with intensifying screens for X-ray imaging.
CT Scanner Correct Answer - Introduced by Godfrey Hounsfield in the
1970s.
Milestone in Imaging Correct Answer - CT is second to X-ray discovery.
MRI Introduction Correct Answer - Commercially available in early
1980s.
Teleradiology Correct Answer - Moving images via telephone lines for
remote viewing.
PACS Correct Answer - Picture Archiving and Communication System
for image storage.
Photostimulable Phosphor (PSP) Correct Answer - Uses storage
phosphor plates for digital imaging.
PSP Imaging Correct Answer - Can be used in standard radiographic
rooms.
Storage Phosphor Plates Correct Answer - Store X-ray energy for later
readout.
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 Correct Answer - Reduced
Medicare reimbursements for PSP imaging.
Flat Panel Detector (FPD) Correct Answer - Uses X-ray absorbers with
TFT or CMOS technology.
Retrofitting Correct Answer - Updating existing X-ray rooms with
modern devices.
,Indirect Capture DR Correct Answer - Absorbs X-rays, converts to light,
then to signal.
Direct Capture DR Correct Answer - Converts X-ray energy directly to
electrical signal.
Photoconductor Correct Answer - Material used in direct capture
systems for absorption.
ADC Correct Answer - Analog-to-Digital Converter for signal processing.
Exposure Response Correct Answer - Nonlinear for PSP; linear for FPD
systems.
Image Contrast Correct Answer - Determined by kVp and lookup tables
(LUTs).
Density (Brightness) Correct Answer - Controlled by mAs and image
processing LUTs.
PSP Plate Correct Answer - Placed inside a cassette for imaging.
X-ray Absorber Correct Answer - Material that captures X-rays in digital
systems.
Area-CCD Correct Answer - Collects light in indirect capture systems.
Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) Correct Answer - Used in FPD systems for
image formation.
Phosphor Plates Correct Answer - Storage devices made of barium
fluorohalide.
Barium Fluorohalide Correct Answer - Material used in phosphor plates
for imaging.
Europium Activator Correct Answer - Element that enhances phosphor
plate sensitivity.
,Latent Image Correct Answer - Invisible image created after X-ray
exposure.
Exposure Latitude Correct Answer - Range of exposures producing
acceptable image quality.
Nonlinear Response Correct Answer - Characteristic of conventional
radiographic film exposure.
Digital Projection Imaging Correct Answer - Uses linear detectors for
capturing images.
Dynamic Range Correct Answer - Wide range of exposures detected by a
sensor.
kVp Influence Correct Answer - Controls subject contrast in
radiographic imaging.
Image Processing LUT Correct Answer - Maps gray-scale values to
visible output.
mAs Influence Correct Answer - Affects image noise in digital imaging.
Image Density Control Correct Answer - Managed by algorithms in
digital imaging.
PACS Correct Answer - Networked system for managing and storing
digital images.
DICOM Correct Answer - Standard for medical imaging communication.
File Room Function Correct Answer - PACS serves as digital image
storage.
Electronic Annotation Correct Answer - Digital notes added to medical
images.
, First PACS Installation Correct Answer - 1993 at VA Medical Center,
Baltimore.
Departmental Image Sharing Correct Answer - PACS allows image
sharing across hospital departments.
Marker Errors Correct Answer - Incorrect markers can lead to patient
risks.
Collimation Adjustment Correct Answer - Necessary to avoid exposure
misinterpretation.
Grid Use Importance Correct Answer - Critical for maintaining image
contrast in digital.
PSP systems Correct Answer - Photostimulable phosphor systems used
in digital radiography.
Speed class Correct Answer - Relative measure of imaging system
sensitivity.
Image processing software Correct Answer - Software that enhances
and manages digital images.
Digitizing a signal Correct Answer - Assigning numerical values to signal
points.
Analog system Correct Answer - Captures continuously changing
signals.
Digital images Correct Answer - Formed by multiple samplings of
signals.
Spatial resolution Correct Answer - Detail level in a digital image.
Contrast resolution Correct Answer - Ability to distinguish between
different gray levels.
Noise Correct Answer - Unwanted variations affecting image quality.
And Step-by-Step Answers
Film Correct Answer - Used with intensifying screens for X-ray imaging.
CT Scanner Correct Answer - Introduced by Godfrey Hounsfield in the
1970s.
Milestone in Imaging Correct Answer - CT is second to X-ray discovery.
MRI Introduction Correct Answer - Commercially available in early
1980s.
Teleradiology Correct Answer - Moving images via telephone lines for
remote viewing.
PACS Correct Answer - Picture Archiving and Communication System
for image storage.
Photostimulable Phosphor (PSP) Correct Answer - Uses storage
phosphor plates for digital imaging.
PSP Imaging Correct Answer - Can be used in standard radiographic
rooms.
Storage Phosphor Plates Correct Answer - Store X-ray energy for later
readout.
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 Correct Answer - Reduced
Medicare reimbursements for PSP imaging.
Flat Panel Detector (FPD) Correct Answer - Uses X-ray absorbers with
TFT or CMOS technology.
Retrofitting Correct Answer - Updating existing X-ray rooms with
modern devices.
,Indirect Capture DR Correct Answer - Absorbs X-rays, converts to light,
then to signal.
Direct Capture DR Correct Answer - Converts X-ray energy directly to
electrical signal.
Photoconductor Correct Answer - Material used in direct capture
systems for absorption.
ADC Correct Answer - Analog-to-Digital Converter for signal processing.
Exposure Response Correct Answer - Nonlinear for PSP; linear for FPD
systems.
Image Contrast Correct Answer - Determined by kVp and lookup tables
(LUTs).
Density (Brightness) Correct Answer - Controlled by mAs and image
processing LUTs.
PSP Plate Correct Answer - Placed inside a cassette for imaging.
X-ray Absorber Correct Answer - Material that captures X-rays in digital
systems.
Area-CCD Correct Answer - Collects light in indirect capture systems.
Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) Correct Answer - Used in FPD systems for
image formation.
Phosphor Plates Correct Answer - Storage devices made of barium
fluorohalide.
Barium Fluorohalide Correct Answer - Material used in phosphor plates
for imaging.
Europium Activator Correct Answer - Element that enhances phosphor
plate sensitivity.
,Latent Image Correct Answer - Invisible image created after X-ray
exposure.
Exposure Latitude Correct Answer - Range of exposures producing
acceptable image quality.
Nonlinear Response Correct Answer - Characteristic of conventional
radiographic film exposure.
Digital Projection Imaging Correct Answer - Uses linear detectors for
capturing images.
Dynamic Range Correct Answer - Wide range of exposures detected by a
sensor.
kVp Influence Correct Answer - Controls subject contrast in
radiographic imaging.
Image Processing LUT Correct Answer - Maps gray-scale values to
visible output.
mAs Influence Correct Answer - Affects image noise in digital imaging.
Image Density Control Correct Answer - Managed by algorithms in
digital imaging.
PACS Correct Answer - Networked system for managing and storing
digital images.
DICOM Correct Answer - Standard for medical imaging communication.
File Room Function Correct Answer - PACS serves as digital image
storage.
Electronic Annotation Correct Answer - Digital notes added to medical
images.
, First PACS Installation Correct Answer - 1993 at VA Medical Center,
Baltimore.
Departmental Image Sharing Correct Answer - PACS allows image
sharing across hospital departments.
Marker Errors Correct Answer - Incorrect markers can lead to patient
risks.
Collimation Adjustment Correct Answer - Necessary to avoid exposure
misinterpretation.
Grid Use Importance Correct Answer - Critical for maintaining image
contrast in digital.
PSP systems Correct Answer - Photostimulable phosphor systems used
in digital radiography.
Speed class Correct Answer - Relative measure of imaging system
sensitivity.
Image processing software Correct Answer - Software that enhances
and manages digital images.
Digitizing a signal Correct Answer - Assigning numerical values to signal
points.
Analog system Correct Answer - Captures continuously changing
signals.
Digital images Correct Answer - Formed by multiple samplings of
signals.
Spatial resolution Correct Answer - Detail level in a digital image.
Contrast resolution Correct Answer - Ability to distinguish between
different gray levels.
Noise Correct Answer - Unwanted variations affecting image quality.
