WGU Biochemistry OA QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Primary structure - ans -Sequence of amino acids that make up a protein
Secondary Structure - ans -Sequence of amino acids fold.
Tertiary Structure - ans --more folding in a 3D shape.
-R groups (side chains)
Quaternary Structure - ans -Protein has more than 1 polypeptide chain.
Chemical reaction - ans --absorb and release energy
-activation energy
-energy is released (heat & light) when bonds are broken.
Bohr Effect chart (low pH) - ans -C- High CO2
H- High H+
A- Acidic
R-Release of O2(rt. Shift)
T- tense state (in tissues)
Exothermic reaction - ans -Exo=to release
Thermo=heat
-chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs (as heat & light)
Example of exothermic reaction - ans -Cellular respiration- breaks down glucose
to make cellular energy
Endothermic reaction - ans -Endo=absorb
Thermos=heat
-absorbs more energy than it releases
,Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the
chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome? - ans -
Recombination
Xeroxerma Pigmentosum (XP) - ans -A recessive genetic disease that occurs when
one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are
nonfunctional
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general
population? - ans -The mutation of all other genes is higher due to failure to
repair.
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the
completion of 4 complete PCR cycles? - ans -16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ans -It recognizes
the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 & SIRT2 genes in people addicted to
cocaine increases their expression? - ans -The nucleosomes become more widely
spaced.
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of RNA? - ans -Alternate
combinations of Exons within the same gene are linked together.
Polypeptides - ans --functional proteins
-made of folded up polymers
Elements - ans -Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by
chemical reaction.
Ionic bond - ans -Actions share + & - charge
Covalent bond - ans -When atoms share electrons
, Hydrogen bond - ans -Forms when portion of a polar molecule that is partially
positive interacts with portion of a polar molecule that is partially negative
Van der Waals interactions - ans -Occur due to random, transient movements of
electrons that at any given instant, give molecules regions of + & - charges.
Amino acid - ans --has amino group (-NH2)
-& a carbonyl group (-COOH)
-cx. Based on side chains
Elevated levels of AST & ALT - ans --indicates liver damage
(When damaged, their protein contents can spill into blood stream)
Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide
bonds? - ans -Primary
Sickle cell disease - ans -Caused by mutation in the Hgb-beta gene. (Causes cells to
become rigid, sticky, misshapen.)
Which force is most influential in determining the secondary structure of a
protein? - ans -Hydrogen bonding
Hydrophobic effect - ans -Tendency of non polar substances to aggregate in an
aqueous solution & exclude water molecules.
Hydrophobic interaction - ans -Mutation of gene for protein that leads to
substitution of no polar amino acid with charged amino acid
Dopamine - ans --neurotransmitter
-variety of functions (including motor control)
Parkinson's = decreases dopamine. Sinemet helps by increasing dopamine levels.
Lactose breaks down into : - ans -Glucose and galactose
Frameshift mutation - ans --insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides
Missense mutation - ans --substitution of one amino acid for another
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Primary structure - ans -Sequence of amino acids that make up a protein
Secondary Structure - ans -Sequence of amino acids fold.
Tertiary Structure - ans --more folding in a 3D shape.
-R groups (side chains)
Quaternary Structure - ans -Protein has more than 1 polypeptide chain.
Chemical reaction - ans --absorb and release energy
-activation energy
-energy is released (heat & light) when bonds are broken.
Bohr Effect chart (low pH) - ans -C- High CO2
H- High H+
A- Acidic
R-Release of O2(rt. Shift)
T- tense state (in tissues)
Exothermic reaction - ans -Exo=to release
Thermo=heat
-chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs (as heat & light)
Example of exothermic reaction - ans -Cellular respiration- breaks down glucose
to make cellular energy
Endothermic reaction - ans -Endo=absorb
Thermos=heat
-absorbs more energy than it releases
,Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the
chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome? - ans -
Recombination
Xeroxerma Pigmentosum (XP) - ans -A recessive genetic disease that occurs when
one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are
nonfunctional
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general
population? - ans -The mutation of all other genes is higher due to failure to
repair.
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the
completion of 4 complete PCR cycles? - ans -16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ans -It recognizes
the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 & SIRT2 genes in people addicted to
cocaine increases their expression? - ans -The nucleosomes become more widely
spaced.
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of RNA? - ans -Alternate
combinations of Exons within the same gene are linked together.
Polypeptides - ans --functional proteins
-made of folded up polymers
Elements - ans -Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by
chemical reaction.
Ionic bond - ans -Actions share + & - charge
Covalent bond - ans -When atoms share electrons
, Hydrogen bond - ans -Forms when portion of a polar molecule that is partially
positive interacts with portion of a polar molecule that is partially negative
Van der Waals interactions - ans -Occur due to random, transient movements of
electrons that at any given instant, give molecules regions of + & - charges.
Amino acid - ans --has amino group (-NH2)
-& a carbonyl group (-COOH)
-cx. Based on side chains
Elevated levels of AST & ALT - ans --indicates liver damage
(When damaged, their protein contents can spill into blood stream)
Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide
bonds? - ans -Primary
Sickle cell disease - ans -Caused by mutation in the Hgb-beta gene. (Causes cells to
become rigid, sticky, misshapen.)
Which force is most influential in determining the secondary structure of a
protein? - ans -Hydrogen bonding
Hydrophobic effect - ans -Tendency of non polar substances to aggregate in an
aqueous solution & exclude water molecules.
Hydrophobic interaction - ans -Mutation of gene for protein that leads to
substitution of no polar amino acid with charged amino acid
Dopamine - ans --neurotransmitter
-variety of functions (including motor control)
Parkinson's = decreases dopamine. Sinemet helps by increasing dopamine levels.
Lactose breaks down into : - ans -Glucose and galactose
Frameshift mutation - ans --insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides
Missense mutation - ans --substitution of one amino acid for another
