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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Study Guide

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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Study Guide

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Institution NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTer

Course NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTer

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NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Study Guide
Asthma48-
48Chronic48disease48due48to48bronchoconstriction48and48an48excessive48inflammatory48re
sponse48in48the48bronchioles

What48are48548s/s48of48asthma48-
48coughing48wheezing
shortness48of48breat
h48rapid48breathing4
8chest48tightness

Pathophysiology48of48asthma48(5)48-48-airway48inflammation,48bronchial48hyper-
reactivity48and48smooth48muscle48spasm
-excess48mucus48production48and48accumulation
-hypertrophy48of48bronchial48smooth48muscle
-airflow48obstruction
-decreased48alveolar48ventilation

Bronchioles48-
48smaller48passageways48that48originate48from48the48bronchi48that48become48the48alveoli

348layers48of48the48bronchioles48-
48innermost48layer48middle48layer48-
48lamina48propria
outermost48layer

lamina48propria48-48the48middle48layer48of48the48bronchioles

structure48of48the48lamina48propria48-
48embedded48with48connective48tissue48cells48and48immune48cells

purpose48of48the48lamina48propria48-
48white48blood48cells48are48present48to48help48protect48the48airways

How48does48the48lamina48propria48effect48the48lungs48in48regards48to48asthma48-
48the48WBCs48protective48feature48goes48into48overdrive48causing48an48inflammatory48r
esponse48that48damages48host48tissue

What48does48the48innermost48layer48of48the48bronchioles48contain48-
48columnar48epithelial48ells48and48mucus48producing48goblet48cells

What48does48the48outermost48layer48of48the48bronchioles48contain48-
48smooth48muscle48cells

what48does48the48outermost48layer48of48the48bronchioles48do48-
48control48the48airways48ability48to48constrict48and48dilate

,alveolar48hyperinflation48-
48When48air48is48unable48to48move48out48of48the48alveolar48like48it48should48due48to48bron
chial48walls48collapsing48around48possible48mucus48plug48thus48trapping48air48inside

how48does48hyperinflation48occur?48-
48the48ongoing48inflammatory48process48of48asthma48produces48mucus48and48pus48plug4
8that48the48bronchial48walls48collapse48around

Effect48of48hyperinflation48of48the48alveolar48-48-
expanded48thorax48and48hypercapnia48(retention48of48CO2)
- respiratory48acidosis

What48are48two48anticholinergic48drugs48used48for48asthma48-
48tiotropium48and48ipratropium

What48do48anticholinergics48do48in48the48lungs?48-
48These48drugs48block48the48effects48of48the48parasympathetic48nervous48system
- increasing48bronchodilation

MOA48of48anticholinergic48drugs48for48asthma48-
48the48parasympathetic48system48is48stimulated48by48the48vagal48nerve48to48release48a
cetylcholine48which48binds48to48the48cholinergic48receptors48of48the48respiratory48tract4
8to48cause48bronchial48constriction48=48decreased48airflow

- blocking48the48cholinergic48receptors48prevents48acetylcholine48binding48prevent
ing48the48bronchial48constriction

bronchitis48-48inflammation48of48the48bronchial48tubes

348characteristics48of48bronchitis48-
48bronchial48inflammation48hypersecretion48of48mucus
chronic48productive48cough48for48at48least48348consecutive48months48for48at48least48248s
uccessive48years

Perfusion48-
48The48supply48of48oxygen48to48and48removal48of48wastes48from48the48cells48and48tissues
48of48the48body48as48a48result48of48the48flow48of48blood48through48the48capillaries.

results48of48chronic48bronchitis/48low48perfusion48-
48cyanosis48right48to48left48shunting
chronic48hypoxemia

Why48is48there48cyanosis48with48chronic48bronchitis48-
48there48is48hypoxia48due48to48unfavorable48conditions48for48gas48exchange

Right48to48left48shunting48-
48when48blood48passes48from48the48right48ventricle48through48the48lungs48and48to48the48le
ft48ventricle48without48perfusion

Causes48of48bronchitis48-48-long48term48exposure48to48environmental48irritants

, -repeated48episodes48of48acute48infection48(RSV48infection48in48early48infancy)

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