BIOLOGY EOC EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Light Independent Reaction - ANSWER-Calvin Cycle; Solar energy is not required,
occurs in the stroma of the Chloroplast and produces glucose for the plant
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-Final stage of Cellular Respiration where most
of the energy is produced (32 ATP) in the mitochondria. Hydrogen combines with
Oxygen to form water and Carbon Dioxide is released. (Aerobic)
Cellular Respiration - ANSWER-
Pyruvic Acid - ANSWER-Produced in Glycolysis when glucose is broken down and
then used during Fermentation of Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Doesn't require oxygen; includes Lactic Acid
Fermentation and Alcohol Fermentation of Cellular Respiration
ATP - ANSWER-Main source of energy for the cell; made in the Mitochondria. When
used in the cell it turns into ADP and returns to the Mitochondria to be converted
back
Aerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Stage of Cellular Respiration that requires Energy;
includes the Krebs Cycle and ETC
Glycolysis - ANSWER-First stage of Cellular Respiration in which the Glucose
molecule is broken in half creating two Pyruvic Acid molecules and 2ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation - ANSWER-In Anaerobic Respiration- pyruvates break
down creating energy (found in muscles) and lactic acid
Alcohol Fermentation - ANSWER-In Anaerobic Respiration- occurs mostly in yeast,
pyruvates break down forming alcohol, CO2, and releasing energy
Krebs Cycle - ANSWER-In Aerobic Respiration- pyruvates travel to the mitochondria
where it eventually releases CO2, water, and 2 ATP
Chromosome - ANSWER-long thread of DNA containing genetic information
Sister Chromatid - ANSWER-One of 2 strands of a chromosome that becomes
visible during mitosis
Centromere - ANSWER-region of chromosomes that holds the two sister chromatids
together during mitosis
Centriole - ANSWER-cell organelle that produces spindle fibers and helps with
cellular division of animal cells
, Spindle Fibers - ANSWER-Fibers that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell and
assists in the separation of chromosomes
Cell Plate - ANSWER-Within a plant cell, forms midways between the divided nuclei
of a cell during Cytokinesis
Cleavage Furrow - ANSWER-formed by the cell membrane during Cytokinesis,
pinching the cell into equal parts
DNA - ANSWER-Makes up chromosomes and copies itself during cell division,
provides a blueprint for protein synthesis by specific arrangement of nitrogenous
bases; Deoxyribose, Double Helix
Cell Cycle - ANSWER-Repeated pattern of growth and division that occurs in
eukaryotes
Daughter Cells - ANSWER-Created at the end of mitosis, each has the same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell and will be identical to each other
Mitosis - ANSWER-Somatic Cells undergo this in order to repair and regrow,
creating two identical diploid daughter cells
Interphase - ANSWER-G1: growth
S: (synthesis) replicate DNA
G2: growth
Prophase - ANSWER-Preparing, nuclear membrane begins to break down and
spindle fibers form
Metaphase - ANSWER-Chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibers attach
to the centromere
Anaphase - ANSWER-Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart, pulling them
away from the center of the cell
Telophase - ANSWER-Cells membrane forms, spindle fibers retract, and
chromosomes uncoil as the cell starts to become two
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-The division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells
Cancer - ANSWER-Uncontrolled Cell Growth (tumor)
Gamete - ANSWER-Sexual reproductive cell (egg and sperm)
Somatic - ANSWER-Body cell (liver, skin, etc.)
Haploid - ANSWER-(n) one set of chromosomes (egg and sperm)
Diploid - ANSWER-(2n) two sets of chromosomes from each parent
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Light Independent Reaction - ANSWER-Calvin Cycle; Solar energy is not required,
occurs in the stroma of the Chloroplast and produces glucose for the plant
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-Final stage of Cellular Respiration where most
of the energy is produced (32 ATP) in the mitochondria. Hydrogen combines with
Oxygen to form water and Carbon Dioxide is released. (Aerobic)
Cellular Respiration - ANSWER-
Pyruvic Acid - ANSWER-Produced in Glycolysis when glucose is broken down and
then used during Fermentation of Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Doesn't require oxygen; includes Lactic Acid
Fermentation and Alcohol Fermentation of Cellular Respiration
ATP - ANSWER-Main source of energy for the cell; made in the Mitochondria. When
used in the cell it turns into ADP and returns to the Mitochondria to be converted
back
Aerobic Respiration - ANSWER-Stage of Cellular Respiration that requires Energy;
includes the Krebs Cycle and ETC
Glycolysis - ANSWER-First stage of Cellular Respiration in which the Glucose
molecule is broken in half creating two Pyruvic Acid molecules and 2ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation - ANSWER-In Anaerobic Respiration- pyruvates break
down creating energy (found in muscles) and lactic acid
Alcohol Fermentation - ANSWER-In Anaerobic Respiration- occurs mostly in yeast,
pyruvates break down forming alcohol, CO2, and releasing energy
Krebs Cycle - ANSWER-In Aerobic Respiration- pyruvates travel to the mitochondria
where it eventually releases CO2, water, and 2 ATP
Chromosome - ANSWER-long thread of DNA containing genetic information
Sister Chromatid - ANSWER-One of 2 strands of a chromosome that becomes
visible during mitosis
Centromere - ANSWER-region of chromosomes that holds the two sister chromatids
together during mitosis
Centriole - ANSWER-cell organelle that produces spindle fibers and helps with
cellular division of animal cells
, Spindle Fibers - ANSWER-Fibers that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell and
assists in the separation of chromosomes
Cell Plate - ANSWER-Within a plant cell, forms midways between the divided nuclei
of a cell during Cytokinesis
Cleavage Furrow - ANSWER-formed by the cell membrane during Cytokinesis,
pinching the cell into equal parts
DNA - ANSWER-Makes up chromosomes and copies itself during cell division,
provides a blueprint for protein synthesis by specific arrangement of nitrogenous
bases; Deoxyribose, Double Helix
Cell Cycle - ANSWER-Repeated pattern of growth and division that occurs in
eukaryotes
Daughter Cells - ANSWER-Created at the end of mitosis, each has the same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell and will be identical to each other
Mitosis - ANSWER-Somatic Cells undergo this in order to repair and regrow,
creating two identical diploid daughter cells
Interphase - ANSWER-G1: growth
S: (synthesis) replicate DNA
G2: growth
Prophase - ANSWER-Preparing, nuclear membrane begins to break down and
spindle fibers form
Metaphase - ANSWER-Chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibers attach
to the centromere
Anaphase - ANSWER-Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart, pulling them
away from the center of the cell
Telophase - ANSWER-Cells membrane forms, spindle fibers retract, and
chromosomes uncoil as the cell starts to become two
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-The division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells
Cancer - ANSWER-Uncontrolled Cell Growth (tumor)
Gamete - ANSWER-Sexual reproductive cell (egg and sperm)
Somatic - ANSWER-Body cell (liver, skin, etc.)
Haploid - ANSWER-(n) one set of chromosomes (egg and sperm)
Diploid - ANSWER-(2n) two sets of chromosomes from each parent
