PSY 130 Study Questions solved 100% Correct
(latest update 2025).
Group Influences of Aggression - ✔✔Increased aggression when in group due to
group polarization and diffusion of responsibility
Meiser & Hinsz (2004): Hot Sauce Study - ✔✔Ppl chose amount of hotsauce to give to
a group or person after they had been given 48g
- group --> group = MOST hot sauce given (92.9g)
Shows influence of group on aggression
Theories of Aggression - ✔✔1. Frustration-aggression Theory
2. Social Cognitive Learning Theory
3. Instinct Theories
Frustration-Aggression Theory - ✔✔Frustration triggers a readiness to
aggress - Berkowitz: frustration = anger = emotional readiness to aggress
Aggressive Cues - ✔✔Objects, settings, or persons previously or presently associated
with aggression
- Influences hostile aggression
,Dill & Anderson (1995): Aggressive Cues Study - ✔✔Participants critique each others work
by giving shocks - either received 1 or 7 shocks and had badminton rackets or guns in the room
- Ppl given 7 shock with guns in room gave the most and longest shocks
Factors of Frustration & Retaliation - ✔✔- Proximity to goal
- Size/strength of aggressor
- Ability to retaliate
- Howe we perceive intentions of aggressor and control over circumstances
Harris (1974) - Line Cutting Study - ✔✔Confederate cut people 2nd and 12th in line
- Ppl 2nd were more likely to lash out
Example of proximity to goal and retaliation
Dill & Anderson (1995): Origami Study - ✔✔Confederate gives really fast instructions to
group on folding origami. When someone asks to slow down he either gives a justified
frustration (sorry I can't) or unjustified frustration (I tryna go home). Participants later
rate instructor who could get fired
- Group rated person with unjustified frustration as lower
Example of how intentions and control over circumstances affects our aggressive retaliation
Social Cognitive Learning Theory - ✔✔Aggression is learned via observation and imitation
of aggressive models
- Vicarious reinforcement/punishment
- Bandura's Bobo Doll Study
Vicarious Reinforcement/Punishment - ✔✔We are more likely to imitate observed
behavior when it is being rewarded than punished
, Instinct Theories - ✔✔Aggressive drive is instinctive in all humans
- Hydraulic Theory
Hydraulic Theory & Catharsis - ✔✔We need to let out aggression somehow otherwise
we will explode
- Catharsis: letting off steam
- Part of instinct theory
Bushman (2002): Catharsis Study - ✔✔1. Swap opposing views with partner about
abortion and receive feedback
2. Use punching bag where partner's face is in background or just told its good for excersize
(other group didn't use punching bag)
3. Play violent video games
Results: Ppl more aggressive in video games after punching bag: DISPROVES catharsis theory
(may have primed aggression)
Prosocial Behavior - ✔✔Any action intended to benefit others motivated by altruism
or egoism
Altruism - ✔✔Helping for unselfish reasons, even if at cost of self, increase others welfare
Egoism - ✔✔Helping for selfish reasons, increase own welfare
Social Exchange Theory - ✔✔The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process,
the aim of which is to MAXIMIZE benefits and MINIMIZE costs
- DOESN'T believe in pure altruism
(latest update 2025).
Group Influences of Aggression - ✔✔Increased aggression when in group due to
group polarization and diffusion of responsibility
Meiser & Hinsz (2004): Hot Sauce Study - ✔✔Ppl chose amount of hotsauce to give to
a group or person after they had been given 48g
- group --> group = MOST hot sauce given (92.9g)
Shows influence of group on aggression
Theories of Aggression - ✔✔1. Frustration-aggression Theory
2. Social Cognitive Learning Theory
3. Instinct Theories
Frustration-Aggression Theory - ✔✔Frustration triggers a readiness to
aggress - Berkowitz: frustration = anger = emotional readiness to aggress
Aggressive Cues - ✔✔Objects, settings, or persons previously or presently associated
with aggression
- Influences hostile aggression
,Dill & Anderson (1995): Aggressive Cues Study - ✔✔Participants critique each others work
by giving shocks - either received 1 or 7 shocks and had badminton rackets or guns in the room
- Ppl given 7 shock with guns in room gave the most and longest shocks
Factors of Frustration & Retaliation - ✔✔- Proximity to goal
- Size/strength of aggressor
- Ability to retaliate
- Howe we perceive intentions of aggressor and control over circumstances
Harris (1974) - Line Cutting Study - ✔✔Confederate cut people 2nd and 12th in line
- Ppl 2nd were more likely to lash out
Example of proximity to goal and retaliation
Dill & Anderson (1995): Origami Study - ✔✔Confederate gives really fast instructions to
group on folding origami. When someone asks to slow down he either gives a justified
frustration (sorry I can't) or unjustified frustration (I tryna go home). Participants later
rate instructor who could get fired
- Group rated person with unjustified frustration as lower
Example of how intentions and control over circumstances affects our aggressive retaliation
Social Cognitive Learning Theory - ✔✔Aggression is learned via observation and imitation
of aggressive models
- Vicarious reinforcement/punishment
- Bandura's Bobo Doll Study
Vicarious Reinforcement/Punishment - ✔✔We are more likely to imitate observed
behavior when it is being rewarded than punished
, Instinct Theories - ✔✔Aggressive drive is instinctive in all humans
- Hydraulic Theory
Hydraulic Theory & Catharsis - ✔✔We need to let out aggression somehow otherwise
we will explode
- Catharsis: letting off steam
- Part of instinct theory
Bushman (2002): Catharsis Study - ✔✔1. Swap opposing views with partner about
abortion and receive feedback
2. Use punching bag where partner's face is in background or just told its good for excersize
(other group didn't use punching bag)
3. Play violent video games
Results: Ppl more aggressive in video games after punching bag: DISPROVES catharsis theory
(may have primed aggression)
Prosocial Behavior - ✔✔Any action intended to benefit others motivated by altruism
or egoism
Altruism - ✔✔Helping for unselfish reasons, even if at cost of self, increase others welfare
Egoism - ✔✔Helping for selfish reasons, increase own welfare
Social Exchange Theory - ✔✔The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process,
the aim of which is to MAXIMIZE benefits and MINIMIZE costs
- DOESN'T believe in pure altruism
