PSY 3213 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Your textbook outlined three goals for science. Which of the following is true about
these goals? - ✔✔The three goals are description, explanation, and prediction. They
are
intertwined stages that influence one another in the scientific process.
Anecdotal evidence, as seen with the example of Power bands that athletes use, are a
hallmark of scientific research. - ✔✔False
Basic and applied research are two strands that inform each other. - ✔✔True
Cognitive biases are simple procedures that allow individuals to make fast, yet not
necessarily perfect, decisions to solve problems. - ✔✔False
Cognitive biases can influence your ability to evaluate a research claim. - ✔✔True
Findings and studies that are consistent are generally not reliable. - ✔✔False
If a specific area of research has findings that show converging evidence, one can infer
that replication has occurred. - ✔✔True
One of the goals of science is to make predictions. - ✔✔True
,A researcher has obtained preliminary data for one of her studies. Which option best
describes the attitude of the scientific community towards preliminary data? -
✔✔Preliminary data should be interpreted with caution but they are still often presented
at conferences to be reviewed and critiqued.
A researcher has recently published an article about the benefits of a smartphone application for
increasing concentration levels and intelligence. You later find out that this researcher owns shares
in the company that developed this application. Which of the following is now the most reasonable
response to the researcher's claims? - ✔✔The researcher has a vested interest in the success of
the application and might not be objective about how good it really is.
In many cults, when prophecies do not come true, members do not quit. Instead, they
reinterpret the failure of specific predictions to support the teachings of the cult. Which of
the following best describes this phenomenon? - ✔✔Belief perseverance bias
In media reports of scientific findings, researchers are sometimes quoted promoting a
particular treatment or product. Which of the following statements presents the claim and
rational that you should be most skeptical of? - ✔✔A researcher conducts experiments for
a university that are funded by a pharmaceutical company; his claim that the company's drug
is effective is less credible because he has a vested interest.
In psychological studies, it is not uncommon for researchers to hire assistants to conduct the
actual experiment, and for these assistants to be "blinded" to the purpose of the study. When
someone is "blinded", it means that they do not know the predicted outcome of the
experiment. What aspect of the scientific method does this practice serve? -
✔✔Objectivity
John would like to find out whether people who spend a lot of time on social media have
lower self-esteem. Which of the following best describes a method of evaluating this claim by
searching for converging evidence? - ✔✔John looks up several articles on self-esteem and
social media use.
Julie believes that she has to eat waffles every morning before an exam to score an A. Thus, every
morning before an exam she eats waffles, and subsequently always scores an A. Which is
, the most likely explanation for the link between Julie eating waffles and scoring an A? -
✔✔Causality bias
Preliminary data are generally not publicized in any way. Scientists generally wait until
collecting all their data before presenting any of their data either in manuscript or
presentation form. - ✔✔False
Scientific research ought to build on and extend past work - ✔✔True
Secondary sources are great outlets for individuals to get scientific claims that are
written directly from the researchers. - ✔✔False
The Cognitive Miser Model explains how individuals come to making decisions attending to a
relatively small amount of information that integrates past experiences. - ✔✔True
The Stroop effect is an example of scientific research that exemplifies cognitive biases. -
✔✔True
Using a scientific approach to research means that one is always using subjective approaches.
- ✔✔False
Well-known institutions are always trustworthy and never have any questionable practices
that might lead one to question their claims and research findings. - ✔✔False
Alison is conducting a study on the effects of unfair treatment on emotions. To prevent
participant bias, she is unable to reveal the true nature of the study until its conclusion. Which
of the following ethical issue should Alison be on an alert for, and what would be the
appropriate response? - ✔✔Extreme distress caused by unfair treatment to the
participant. Should that occur, Alison should terminate the experimental session.
Your textbook outlined three goals for science. Which of the following is true about
these goals? - ✔✔The three goals are description, explanation, and prediction. They
are
intertwined stages that influence one another in the scientific process.
Anecdotal evidence, as seen with the example of Power bands that athletes use, are a
hallmark of scientific research. - ✔✔False
Basic and applied research are two strands that inform each other. - ✔✔True
Cognitive biases are simple procedures that allow individuals to make fast, yet not
necessarily perfect, decisions to solve problems. - ✔✔False
Cognitive biases can influence your ability to evaluate a research claim. - ✔✔True
Findings and studies that are consistent are generally not reliable. - ✔✔False
If a specific area of research has findings that show converging evidence, one can infer
that replication has occurred. - ✔✔True
One of the goals of science is to make predictions. - ✔✔True
,A researcher has obtained preliminary data for one of her studies. Which option best
describes the attitude of the scientific community towards preliminary data? -
✔✔Preliminary data should be interpreted with caution but they are still often presented
at conferences to be reviewed and critiqued.
A researcher has recently published an article about the benefits of a smartphone application for
increasing concentration levels and intelligence. You later find out that this researcher owns shares
in the company that developed this application. Which of the following is now the most reasonable
response to the researcher's claims? - ✔✔The researcher has a vested interest in the success of
the application and might not be objective about how good it really is.
In many cults, when prophecies do not come true, members do not quit. Instead, they
reinterpret the failure of specific predictions to support the teachings of the cult. Which of
the following best describes this phenomenon? - ✔✔Belief perseverance bias
In media reports of scientific findings, researchers are sometimes quoted promoting a
particular treatment or product. Which of the following statements presents the claim and
rational that you should be most skeptical of? - ✔✔A researcher conducts experiments for
a university that are funded by a pharmaceutical company; his claim that the company's drug
is effective is less credible because he has a vested interest.
In psychological studies, it is not uncommon for researchers to hire assistants to conduct the
actual experiment, and for these assistants to be "blinded" to the purpose of the study. When
someone is "blinded", it means that they do not know the predicted outcome of the
experiment. What aspect of the scientific method does this practice serve? -
✔✔Objectivity
John would like to find out whether people who spend a lot of time on social media have
lower self-esteem. Which of the following best describes a method of evaluating this claim by
searching for converging evidence? - ✔✔John looks up several articles on self-esteem and
social media use.
Julie believes that she has to eat waffles every morning before an exam to score an A. Thus, every
morning before an exam she eats waffles, and subsequently always scores an A. Which is
, the most likely explanation for the link between Julie eating waffles and scoring an A? -
✔✔Causality bias
Preliminary data are generally not publicized in any way. Scientists generally wait until
collecting all their data before presenting any of their data either in manuscript or
presentation form. - ✔✔False
Scientific research ought to build on and extend past work - ✔✔True
Secondary sources are great outlets for individuals to get scientific claims that are
written directly from the researchers. - ✔✔False
The Cognitive Miser Model explains how individuals come to making decisions attending to a
relatively small amount of information that integrates past experiences. - ✔✔True
The Stroop effect is an example of scientific research that exemplifies cognitive biases. -
✔✔True
Using a scientific approach to research means that one is always using subjective approaches.
- ✔✔False
Well-known institutions are always trustworthy and never have any questionable practices
that might lead one to question their claims and research findings. - ✔✔False
Alison is conducting a study on the effects of unfair treatment on emotions. To prevent
participant bias, she is unable to reveal the true nature of the study until its conclusion. Which
of the following ethical issue should Alison be on an alert for, and what would be the
appropriate response? - ✔✔Extreme distress caused by unfair treatment to the
participant. Should that occur, Alison should terminate the experimental session.
