NURS 6107 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions And Actual Answers.
Function of thyroid hormones - Answer Having a low level of thyroid hormone triggers
secretion of TRH (hypothalamus)
• TRH stimulates secretion of TSH (pituitary)
• TSH stimulates the thyroid to synthesize T3 and T4, which increases thyroid hormone
secretion.
• This secretion is what causes the negative feedback and shuts off the secretion
Clinical manifestation and Pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis crisis - Answer Hyperthyroidism:
thyrotoxicosis
Is a condition that results from any cause of increased level of
thyroid hormone
Excess amounts of thyroid hormone are secreted from the
thyroid gland.
Clinical manifestations
Increased metabolic rate with heat intolerance and increased tissue
sensitivity to stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system;
enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter)
SIADH clinical manifestations and causes - Answer Levels of anti diuretic hormone (ADH) are
abnormally high
Ectopic secretion of ADH is the most common cause; also after surgery and some cancers
Manifestations:
Hyponatremia: sodium <135 mEq/L
Hypoosmolality: <280 mOsm/kg
Urine hyperosmolality: higher than serum osmolality
Hypervolemia
Weight gain
Serum sodium levels below 110-115 mEq/L: can cause severe
, hypoglycemia
Related to nocturnal
growth hormone elevation
Treatment: alter timing
and dose of insul
Type II diabetes causes - Answer Age, obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and
family history; metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome: central obesity, dyslipidemia,
prehypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose level
Affects both adults and children
Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions: must
be genetically predisposed
Insulin resistance and decreased insulin
secretion by beta cells: are major mechanisms
Clinical manifestations of DI - Answer Clinical manifestations
Polyuria, nocturia, continual thirst
Low urine-specific gravity: <1.010
Low urine osmolality (<200 mOsmL/kg)
Hypernatremia
Diuresis
Clinical manifestations of Addison disease - Answer Hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism
Weakness, hyperpigmentation, vitiligo
Causes of Hypoparathyroidism - Answer Primary hypothyroidism
Iodine deficiency (endemic goiter): most common worldwide
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease): most common
hypothyroidism in the United States
Subacute thyroiditis
Questions And Actual Answers.
Function of thyroid hormones - Answer Having a low level of thyroid hormone triggers
secretion of TRH (hypothalamus)
• TRH stimulates secretion of TSH (pituitary)
• TSH stimulates the thyroid to synthesize T3 and T4, which increases thyroid hormone
secretion.
• This secretion is what causes the negative feedback and shuts off the secretion
Clinical manifestation and Pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis crisis - Answer Hyperthyroidism:
thyrotoxicosis
Is a condition that results from any cause of increased level of
thyroid hormone
Excess amounts of thyroid hormone are secreted from the
thyroid gland.
Clinical manifestations
Increased metabolic rate with heat intolerance and increased tissue
sensitivity to stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system;
enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter)
SIADH clinical manifestations and causes - Answer Levels of anti diuretic hormone (ADH) are
abnormally high
Ectopic secretion of ADH is the most common cause; also after surgery and some cancers
Manifestations:
Hyponatremia: sodium <135 mEq/L
Hypoosmolality: <280 mOsm/kg
Urine hyperosmolality: higher than serum osmolality
Hypervolemia
Weight gain
Serum sodium levels below 110-115 mEq/L: can cause severe
, hypoglycemia
Related to nocturnal
growth hormone elevation
Treatment: alter timing
and dose of insul
Type II diabetes causes - Answer Age, obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and
family history; metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome: central obesity, dyslipidemia,
prehypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose level
Affects both adults and children
Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions: must
be genetically predisposed
Insulin resistance and decreased insulin
secretion by beta cells: are major mechanisms
Clinical manifestations of DI - Answer Clinical manifestations
Polyuria, nocturia, continual thirst
Low urine-specific gravity: <1.010
Low urine osmolality (<200 mOsmL/kg)
Hypernatremia
Diuresis
Clinical manifestations of Addison disease - Answer Hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism
Weakness, hyperpigmentation, vitiligo
Causes of Hypoparathyroidism - Answer Primary hypothyroidism
Iodine deficiency (endemic goiter): most common worldwide
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease): most common
hypothyroidism in the United States
Subacute thyroiditis
