NUR257/ NUR 257 (Latest 2025 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review| 100% Correct| Grade A Galen

NUR257/ NUR 257 (Latest 2025 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review| 100% Correct| Grade A Galen Age-related changes of the skin - Answerreduced number of melanocytes, thinning, increased time for cell renewal, reduced thickness, reduced elastin, reduced sebum production. Age-related changes of the hair and nails - Answerdecreased nail growth, brittle nails, nails change shape, hair thins, decreased pubic hair. Age-related changes of the musculoskeletal - Answerreduced muscle mass/strength, reduced bone mineral density, reduced body water, reduced flexibility, decreased estrogen=shorten appearance, kyphosis. Age-related changes of the heart - Answertakes longer for heart to accelerate and rest, blood vessels stiffen, LV wall thickens, increased size of LA, reduced blood flow to some organs, increased risk for HTN, baroreceptors don't work as well (help control BP). Age-related changes of respiratory - Answerloss of elasticity= stiffened chest wall, less efficient gas exchange, increased resistance to air flow; loss of recoil, decreased cough response/effectiveness, cilia less effective=increase risk for infection Age-related changes to the kidneys - Answerincreased susceptibility to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decreased blood flow to kidneys, decreased size and function, inability to excrete medications as well. Age-related changes: Endocrine - AnswerDM2 and hypothyroidism increases, T3 levels decrease, glands shrink, decreased secretion rate, increased insulin resistance. Age-related changes: Reproductive - AnswerFemales: breasts smaller and less firm, reproductive organs atrophy, decreased estrogen and lube, increased risk for vaginitis. Males: decreased sperm mobility and testosterone, testicles atrophy, BPH, ejaculation slow. Age-related changes: GI - AnswerMouth: wear and tear of teeth = increased risk for decay; gums recede and increase r/f oral and cardiac dz. Esophagus: sluggish/erratic movement of muscles = increased r/f GERD Stomach: decreased motility, reduced bicarb and gastric mucus = early sensation of fullness, increased r/f pernicious anemia and peptic ulcer dz Intestines: reduced function of intestinal villi = reduced ability to absorb nutrients Liver: reduced blood flow = increased half-life of fat-soluble meds FANCAPES - AnswerF - Fluids A - Aeration N - Nutrition C - Communication A - Activity P - Pain E - Elimination