NST 10 Midterm 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substances in foods that provide energy and
structure and help regulate body processes
Fortified food vs Enriched foods - CORRECT ANSWER - fortified- have nutrients added that
weren't there before
enriched-have nutrients added back that were lost during processing
Enriched grains - CORRECT ANSWER - ~have thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folic
acid added
Dietary Supplements - CORRECT ANSWER - contains one or more of the following:
vitamins, minerals, plant derived substances, amino acids, or concentrates or extracts.
Macronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~energy yielding nutrients including proteins, carbs,
and fats
~they are needed in large amounts
Carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~simple sugars --> double sugars and short glucose chains --> sugar, starches, and fiber
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~amino acids --> amino acids and short amino acid chains --> polypeptides
~Proteins are required for growth, maintenance and repair of the body.
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provides 9 kilocalories/gram
~short-chain fatty acids and lipid transport particles--> long-chain fatty acids--> small lipid
droplets and short chain fatty acids--> large lipid droplets
,Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provides no energy for the body but are necessary
for proper functioning of the body.
~include vitamins and minerals.
~required in small amounts.
Water - CORRECT ANSWER - ~macronutrient
~makes up about 60% of the body
Function of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Providing energy
~biochemical reactions in the body help to release energy contained in macronutrients
~energy used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
2. Forming structures
~lipid, proteins, and minerals help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3. Regulating body processes
~macronutrients, water, vitamins and minerals --> homeostasis and metabolism
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - all the reactions that occur in the body
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - proper regulation of metabolism
Nutrigenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of how diet affects genes and how genetic
variation can affect the impact of nutrients on health.
Nutrient Density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
energy dense foods - CORRECT ANSWER - have a high concentration of calories per bite
, Healthy eating habits include - CORRECT ANSWER - eating a variety of foods, balancing
choices, eating things in moderation
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of diet, health, and disease patterns
clinical trials - CORRECT ANSWER - human intervention studies
food environment - CORRECT ANSWER - the physical, economic, and social factors that
affect eating habits and patterns
ex) access to grocery stores and restaurants, the products available in these stores and restaurants,
food pricing, and food advertising
FOOD AVAILABILITY IS AFFECTED BY THIS
The food we choose to eat is affected by - CORRECT ANSWER - social and cultural
considerations, psychological and emotional factors, personal preference
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - a nutrient that must be provided in the diet
because the body either cannot make it or cannot make it in sufficient quantities to satisfy its
needs
organic nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~carbs, proteins, lipids, and vitamins
~contains carbon bonded to hydrogen
inorganic nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~minerals and water
~does not contain carbon-hydrogen bond
RDAs - CORRECT ANSWER - Recommended Dietary Allowances- made recommendations
for amounts of energy and for nine essential nutrients that were most likely to be deficient in
people's diets (old school)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substances in foods that provide energy and
structure and help regulate body processes
Fortified food vs Enriched foods - CORRECT ANSWER - fortified- have nutrients added that
weren't there before
enriched-have nutrients added back that were lost during processing
Enriched grains - CORRECT ANSWER - ~have thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folic
acid added
Dietary Supplements - CORRECT ANSWER - contains one or more of the following:
vitamins, minerals, plant derived substances, amino acids, or concentrates or extracts.
Macronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~energy yielding nutrients including proteins, carbs,
and fats
~they are needed in large amounts
Carbs - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~simple sugars --> double sugars and short glucose chains --> sugar, starches, and fiber
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provide 4 kilocalories/gram
~amino acids --> amino acids and short amino acid chains --> polypeptides
~Proteins are required for growth, maintenance and repair of the body.
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provides 9 kilocalories/gram
~short-chain fatty acids and lipid transport particles--> long-chain fatty acids--> small lipid
droplets and short chain fatty acids--> large lipid droplets
,Micronutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~provides no energy for the body but are necessary
for proper functioning of the body.
~include vitamins and minerals.
~required in small amounts.
Water - CORRECT ANSWER - ~macronutrient
~makes up about 60% of the body
Function of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Providing energy
~biochemical reactions in the body help to release energy contained in macronutrients
~energy used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
2. Forming structures
~lipid, proteins, and minerals help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3. Regulating body processes
~macronutrients, water, vitamins and minerals --> homeostasis and metabolism
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - all the reactions that occur in the body
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - proper regulation of metabolism
Nutrigenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of how diet affects genes and how genetic
variation can affect the impact of nutrients on health.
Nutrient Density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
energy dense foods - CORRECT ANSWER - have a high concentration of calories per bite
, Healthy eating habits include - CORRECT ANSWER - eating a variety of foods, balancing
choices, eating things in moderation
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of diet, health, and disease patterns
clinical trials - CORRECT ANSWER - human intervention studies
food environment - CORRECT ANSWER - the physical, economic, and social factors that
affect eating habits and patterns
ex) access to grocery stores and restaurants, the products available in these stores and restaurants,
food pricing, and food advertising
FOOD AVAILABILITY IS AFFECTED BY THIS
The food we choose to eat is affected by - CORRECT ANSWER - social and cultural
considerations, psychological and emotional factors, personal preference
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - a nutrient that must be provided in the diet
because the body either cannot make it or cannot make it in sufficient quantities to satisfy its
needs
organic nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~carbs, proteins, lipids, and vitamins
~contains carbon bonded to hydrogen
inorganic nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - ~minerals and water
~does not contain carbon-hydrogen bond
RDAs - CORRECT ANSWER - Recommended Dietary Allowances- made recommendations
for amounts of energy and for nine essential nutrients that were most likely to be deficient in
people's diets (old school)
