NST 10 Midterm 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - uses energy to construct components of cells.
the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require
energy
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared
to its energy content. a healthy diet.
trace minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - needed only in tiny amounts. These minerals
participate in most chemical reactions in the body. These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
manganese
protein complementation - CORRECT ANSWER - combining plant protein sources to
achieve a better amino acid balance than each would have alone
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - does not dissolve in water because it contains high
amount of cellulose. Can be found in the bran of grains, the pulp of fruit and the skin of
vegetables. speeds up the transit of foods through digestive system
functions of nutrients: forming structures - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Most of the weight of
the body is due to water, fat and protein
2) help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3) Proteins form ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles to bones
4) At the cellular level, lipids and proteins make up the membranes that surround cells
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
,functions of nutrients: providing energy - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) macronutrients and
micronutrients help the body to stay healthy
2) biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy contained in carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins
3) used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
4) if more energy is consumed than is needed, overtime body weight will increase
Healthy diet - CORRECT ANSWER - right amount of energy to keep weight in desirable
range; the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and
sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) provide energy (expressed in kilocalories [kcal])
2) important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3) keep body functions running smoothly
- energy-yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) specific biological function
2) removing it from diet leads to a decline in human biological function such as the normal
functions of the blood cells or nervous system
3) returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs restores to normal
those of human biological function impaired by its absence
composition of human body - CORRECT ANSWER - 6%: minerals, carbohydrates, and other
substances
16%: fat
16%: protein
62%: water
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - main body's main source of energy and should be the
major part of total intake
,simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - ex. sugar and honey
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - ex. grains, beans, peas, or potatoes
preferred b/c more nutritious, fewer calories per gram compared to fat, and cause fewer problems
with overeating than fat or sugar; also allow for better blood glucose control
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - material that gives plants texture and support. primarily made
up of carbohydrates but it does not have a lot of calories and it is not usually broken down by the
body for energy
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - dissolves in water. can be found in a variety of fruits
and vegetables (apples, oatmeal, oat bran)
fat - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies energy and transports nutrients
essential fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - omega-3 and omega-6
required for the body to function normally.
omega-3 obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil and omega-6 obtained from primrose or
black currant seed soil
omega-3 helps reduce risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body
tissue; necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth;
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - 20; 12 of them manufactured, but the other 8 must be
provided by diet; building blocks of protein; each amino acid contains a central carbon atom
bound to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a side chain
, vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - organic substances present in food; required by the body in
a small amount for regulation of metabolism; maintenance of normal growth and functioning.
- B & C are water soluble
- A, D, E, and K are fat soluble and will be stored in body fat
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - important component of muscles, tissues, bones, life
supporting systems (hormones, oxygen transport, and enzyme systems)
major minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - needed in large amounts
include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and chloride.
water - CORRECT ANSWER - regulate body temp, transports nutrients and minerals to cells,
rids the body of waste materials, essential to all life processes
enzyme-catalyzed reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - allow organism to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures, and respond to their environments
catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - breaks down organic matter, for example to harvest
energy.
metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to
release energy or used in anabolic reactions
Mitochondrial matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - participate in the chemical processes that
transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly created ATP molecules
1) ATP
2) Oxygen utilization
3) Carbon dioxide formation
- citric acid cycle occurs here
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - uses energy to construct components of cells.
the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require
energy
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared
to its energy content. a healthy diet.
trace minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - needed only in tiny amounts. These minerals
participate in most chemical reactions in the body. These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
manganese
protein complementation - CORRECT ANSWER - combining plant protein sources to
achieve a better amino acid balance than each would have alone
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - does not dissolve in water because it contains high
amount of cellulose. Can be found in the bran of grains, the pulp of fruit and the skin of
vegetables. speeds up the transit of foods through digestive system
functions of nutrients: forming structures - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Most of the weight of
the body is due to water, fat and protein
2) help to form and maintain the shape and structure of the body
3) Proteins form ligaments and tendons that hold bones together and attach muscles to bones
4) At the cellular level, lipids and proteins make up the membranes that surround cells
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
,functions of nutrients: providing energy - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) macronutrients and
micronutrients help the body to stay healthy
2) biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy contained in carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins
3) used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
4) if more energy is consumed than is needed, overtime body weight will increase
Healthy diet - CORRECT ANSWER - right amount of energy to keep weight in desirable
range; the proper types and balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and
sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins and minerals
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) provide energy (expressed in kilocalories [kcal])
2) important for growth and development (and later maintenance)
3) keep body functions running smoothly
- energy-yielding nutrients and water make up a major portion of most foods
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) specific biological function
2) removing it from diet leads to a decline in human biological function such as the normal
functions of the blood cells or nervous system
3) returning the omitted substance to the diet before permanent damage occurs restores to normal
those of human biological function impaired by its absence
composition of human body - CORRECT ANSWER - 6%: minerals, carbohydrates, and other
substances
16%: fat
16%: protein
62%: water
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - main body's main source of energy and should be the
major part of total intake
,simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - ex. sugar and honey
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - ex. grains, beans, peas, or potatoes
preferred b/c more nutritious, fewer calories per gram compared to fat, and cause fewer problems
with overeating than fat or sugar; also allow for better blood glucose control
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - material that gives plants texture and support. primarily made
up of carbohydrates but it does not have a lot of calories and it is not usually broken down by the
body for energy
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - dissolves in water. can be found in a variety of fruits
and vegetables (apples, oatmeal, oat bran)
fat - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies energy and transports nutrients
essential fatty acids - CORRECT ANSWER - omega-3 and omega-6
required for the body to function normally.
omega-3 obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, fish oil and omega-6 obtained from primrose or
black currant seed soil
omega-3 helps reduce risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body
tissue; necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth;
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - 20; 12 of them manufactured, but the other 8 must be
provided by diet; building blocks of protein; each amino acid contains a central carbon atom
bound to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a side chain
, vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - organic substances present in food; required by the body in
a small amount for regulation of metabolism; maintenance of normal growth and functioning.
- B & C are water soluble
- A, D, E, and K are fat soluble and will be stored in body fat
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - important component of muscles, tissues, bones, life
supporting systems (hormones, oxygen transport, and enzyme systems)
major minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - needed in large amounts
include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and chloride.
water - CORRECT ANSWER - regulate body temp, transports nutrients and minerals to cells,
rids the body of waste materials, essential to all life processes
enzyme-catalyzed reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - allow organism to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures, and respond to their environments
catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - breaks down organic matter, for example to harvest
energy.
metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to
release energy or used in anabolic reactions
Mitochondrial matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - participate in the chemical processes that
transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules to newly created ATP molecules
1) ATP
2) Oxygen utilization
3) Carbon dioxide formation
- citric acid cycle occurs here
