NST 103 Midterm 1 ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
GI tract compartments - CORRECT ANSWER - oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine
Secretions come from... - CORRECT ANSWER - Salivary glands (into oral cavity); liver,
gallbladder, pancreas (into small intestine)
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - movement from GI tract across intestinal epithelial
membrane to blood or lymph
Brush border - CORRECT ANSWER - aka microvilli on enterocytes in small intestine
chief cell - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes pepsinogen (inactive but self cleaves in presence
of HCl to form pepsin, which can digest proteins); release gastric lipase
carbonic anhydrase - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme in parietal cells that converts CO2 +
H2O to H+ and HCO3- in a reversible reaction, proton can then be pumped into stomach lumen
through ATPase, bicarbonate exchanged for a Cl-, which also enters stomach lumen to form HCl
chyme - CORRECT ANSWER - food and secretions formed in stomach
colon - CORRECT ANSWER - aka large intestine
common bile duct - CORRECT ANSWER - transports secretions of liver and pancreas to the
small intestine
corpus - CORRECT ANSWER -
,D-cell - CORRECT ANSWER - negatively regulating acidification of stomach through
release of somatostatin
digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - reduce size of molecules and repackage
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER - along with jejunum, accounts for most macronutrient
absorption
endocrine cell - CORRECT ANSWER - regulatory, produce important peptides
enterochromaffin-like cell - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate acidification of stomach;
secretes histamine, acts on H2 receptor of parietal cell
enterocyte - CORRECT ANSWER - epithelial cells lining villi of small intestine; mediate
absorption of nutrients
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER - connects oral cavity with stomach, peristaltic waves
move bolus towards stomach
esophogeal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - where bolus exits esophagus and enters
stomach
gallbladder - CORRECT ANSWER - stores bile made in the liver
fundus - CORRECT ANSWER - part of the stomach above the cardia
gastric gland - CORRECT ANSWER - lined with various cell types which mediate and
regulate secretions into stomach
, gastrin - CORRECT ANSWER - acts on receptor on parietal cell, and receptor on ECL
(CCK2 receptor) which stimulates histidine decarboxylase
gastrointestinal tract - CORRECT ANSWER - where digestion, absorption, secretion, motility,
storage, elimination take place, acts as barrier btn external and internal; wall has 4 basic tissue
layers surrounding lumen (mucosa - direct contact with food, submucosa - support layer,
muscularis - moving food, serosa - holds abdominal organs in place)
g-cell - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate acidification of stomach; secretes gastrin which acts
on receptor on parietal cell, and receptor on ECL (CCK2 receptor) which stimulates histidine
decarboxylase
goblet cell - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes mucin (lubricant, buffer)
hepatic artery - CORRECT ANSWER - carries oxygenated blood to liver cells
hepatic portal vein - CORRECT ANSWER - carries deoxygenated but nutrient rich blood
from small intestine
histamine - CORRECT ANSWER - released from ECL, positive regulator of parietal cell HCl
secretion; synthesized from histidine through decarboxylation reaction; acts on H2 receptor of
parietal cell, increases ATPase activity
histidine decarboxylase - CORRECT ANSWER - facilitates decarboxylation of histidine to
form histamine
ileocecal valve - CORRECT ANSWER - separates small and large intestine
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER - final portion of small intestine; 60% of length; absorbs bile
salts, B12, H2O, electrolytes
Questions and CORRECT Answers
GI tract compartments - CORRECT ANSWER - oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine
Secretions come from... - CORRECT ANSWER - Salivary glands (into oral cavity); liver,
gallbladder, pancreas (into small intestine)
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - movement from GI tract across intestinal epithelial
membrane to blood or lymph
Brush border - CORRECT ANSWER - aka microvilli on enterocytes in small intestine
chief cell - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes pepsinogen (inactive but self cleaves in presence
of HCl to form pepsin, which can digest proteins); release gastric lipase
carbonic anhydrase - CORRECT ANSWER - enzyme in parietal cells that converts CO2 +
H2O to H+ and HCO3- in a reversible reaction, proton can then be pumped into stomach lumen
through ATPase, bicarbonate exchanged for a Cl-, which also enters stomach lumen to form HCl
chyme - CORRECT ANSWER - food and secretions formed in stomach
colon - CORRECT ANSWER - aka large intestine
common bile duct - CORRECT ANSWER - transports secretions of liver and pancreas to the
small intestine
corpus - CORRECT ANSWER -
,D-cell - CORRECT ANSWER - negatively regulating acidification of stomach through
release of somatostatin
digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - reduce size of molecules and repackage
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER - along with jejunum, accounts for most macronutrient
absorption
endocrine cell - CORRECT ANSWER - regulatory, produce important peptides
enterochromaffin-like cell - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate acidification of stomach;
secretes histamine, acts on H2 receptor of parietal cell
enterocyte - CORRECT ANSWER - epithelial cells lining villi of small intestine; mediate
absorption of nutrients
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER - connects oral cavity with stomach, peristaltic waves
move bolus towards stomach
esophogeal sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER - where bolus exits esophagus and enters
stomach
gallbladder - CORRECT ANSWER - stores bile made in the liver
fundus - CORRECT ANSWER - part of the stomach above the cardia
gastric gland - CORRECT ANSWER - lined with various cell types which mediate and
regulate secretions into stomach
, gastrin - CORRECT ANSWER - acts on receptor on parietal cell, and receptor on ECL
(CCK2 receptor) which stimulates histidine decarboxylase
gastrointestinal tract - CORRECT ANSWER - where digestion, absorption, secretion, motility,
storage, elimination take place, acts as barrier btn external and internal; wall has 4 basic tissue
layers surrounding lumen (mucosa - direct contact with food, submucosa - support layer,
muscularis - moving food, serosa - holds abdominal organs in place)
g-cell - CORRECT ANSWER - stimulate acidification of stomach; secretes gastrin which acts
on receptor on parietal cell, and receptor on ECL (CCK2 receptor) which stimulates histidine
decarboxylase
goblet cell - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes mucin (lubricant, buffer)
hepatic artery - CORRECT ANSWER - carries oxygenated blood to liver cells
hepatic portal vein - CORRECT ANSWER - carries deoxygenated but nutrient rich blood
from small intestine
histamine - CORRECT ANSWER - released from ECL, positive regulator of parietal cell HCl
secretion; synthesized from histidine through decarboxylation reaction; acts on H2 receptor of
parietal cell, increases ATPase activity
histidine decarboxylase - CORRECT ANSWER - facilitates decarboxylation of histidine to
form histamine
ileocecal valve - CORRECT ANSWER - separates small and large intestine
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER - final portion of small intestine; 60% of length; absorbs bile
salts, B12, H2O, electrolytes
