NURS 3366 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CHAPTER 1
At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions
focused on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book reviews
and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children - Answers
:A,B,C,E
A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent
and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities - Answers :B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular
disease related to hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment
regime.
Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due to
intestinal aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an antibiotic
chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with
Parkinson disease
, E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease - Answers
:A,C
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-
up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
disease free. - Answers :A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the
bell curve
The laboratory technologists are discussing a new blood test that helps establish a
differential diagnosis between shortness of breath with a cardiac etiology and shortness
of breath with a respiratory/pulmonary etiology. A positive result is purported to indicate
a cardiac etiology. The marketers of the test report that 99.8% of patients who have
confirmed cardiac etiologies test positive in the test. However, 1.3% of patients who do
not have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also test positive. Which of the
following statements best characterizes this blood test?
A) Low validity; high reliability
B) High sensitivity; low specificity
C) High specificity; low reliability
D) High sensitivity; low reliability - Answers :B) High sensitivity; low specificity
As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, men at a senior citizens' center are
having their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. Which of the
following statements would best characterize a high positive predictive value but a low
negative predictive value for this screening test?
A) All of the men who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men who
had low PSA levels alo developed prostate cancer
B) All of the men who had low PSA levels were cancer-free; several men who had high
levels also remained free of prostate cancer.
C) Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false-positive results for prostate
cancer; men with high levels were often falsely diagnosed with prostate cancer.
D) The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity. - Answers :A) All of the men
who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men who had low PSA
levels alo developed prostate cancer
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
molecules that cause disease?
At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions
focused on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book reviews
and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children - Answers
:A,B,C,E
A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American descent
and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities - Answers :B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular
disease related to hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment
regime.
Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due to
intestinal aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an antibiotic
chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with
Parkinson disease
, E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease - Answers
:A,C
Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine follow-
up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows that
A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
disease free. - Answers :A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the
bell curve
The laboratory technologists are discussing a new blood test that helps establish a
differential diagnosis between shortness of breath with a cardiac etiology and shortness
of breath with a respiratory/pulmonary etiology. A positive result is purported to indicate
a cardiac etiology. The marketers of the test report that 99.8% of patients who have
confirmed cardiac etiologies test positive in the test. However, 1.3% of patients who do
not have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also test positive. Which of the
following statements best characterizes this blood test?
A) Low validity; high reliability
B) High sensitivity; low specificity
C) High specificity; low reliability
D) High sensitivity; low reliability - Answers :B) High sensitivity; low specificity
As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, men at a senior citizens' center are
having their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. Which of the
following statements would best characterize a high positive predictive value but a low
negative predictive value for this screening test?
A) All of the men who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men who
had low PSA levels alo developed prostate cancer
B) All of the men who had low PSA levels were cancer-free; several men who had high
levels also remained free of prostate cancer.
C) Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false-positive results for prostate
cancer; men with high levels were often falsely diagnosed with prostate cancer.
D) The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity. - Answers :A) All of the men
who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men who had low PSA
levels alo developed prostate cancer
A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
molecules that cause disease?
