NSG4330 - Midterm #1 Questions With Complete Solutions
12 Leads ECG Findings:
Q Waves and T Wave Inversions Correct Answers Indicates
infarction
12 Leads ECG Findings:
ST Depression Correct Answers Indicates ischemia
12 Leads ECG Findings:
ST Elevation Correct Answers Indicates injury
1500 Method Correct Answers Count small boxes between
consecutive R waves, divide 1500 by #
i.e. 21 little boxes between... 1500/21 = 71 bpm
300 Method Correct Answers Count big boxes between
consecutive R waves, divide 300 by #
i.e. 4 boxes between... 300/4 = 75 bpm
6 Second Rule Correct Answers Count # of QRS complexes in
6 second strip
Multiply by 10
ACE Inhibitor Correct Answers Decrease peripheral vascular
resistance (vasodilation, decr BP)
Acidosis Correct Answers pH < 7.35
Metabolic: HCO3 < 22 mmol/L
,Cause: ketoacidosis, renal failure, lactic acidosis
Respiratory: PCO2 >45 mmHg
Cause: hypoventilation, impaired gas exchange
Action Potential: Depolarization Correct Answers Stimulation
phase, +90V
Straight up on graph
Gates open while Na pours in and K flows out
Action Potential: Repolarization Correct Answers Plateau
while electrolytes move (i.e. Ca+)
Downwards slope while Na/K pump resets ion positioning
through active transport
Acute Coronary Syndrome Correct Answers Umbrella term for
conditions that result in decrease blood flow to heart/prolonged
oxygen suplpy+demand imbalance
Unstable Angina (moreso than stable)
STEMI
non-STEMI
Acute Heart Failure Correct Answers An emergency in which
pt was previously asymptomatic. Adaptive mechanisms that
previously maintained can no longer keep up.
Sx: incr RR< hRR, sputum, SOB, dyspnea, crackles/wheeze,
anxiety, decr sats
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Correct Answers
Sudden, progressive and triphasic form of acute respiratory
, failure in which the alveolar-capillary interface becomes
damaged and alveoli fill with fluid. From direct or indirect lung
injury.
Does not respond to O2 therapy
NSG: ICU support with ventilator, nutritional support, prone
positioning, sxtx meds, suction
Acute Respiratory Failure
NSG Assessment Correct Answers Positioning, speaking
pattern
Insp/exp ratio (should be 1:2, problem is 1:1)
RR, HR, BP, breath sounds
LOC
Cap refill, pulses
Urine Output
Acute Respiratory Failure
NSG Interventions Correct Answers Positioning (sit up, "good"
lung down)
O2
Secretion clearance
Acute Respiratory Failure
Symptoms Correct Answers Altered LOC (brain cannot store
oxygen)
Tachycardia
Headache (vasodilation)
Mild HTN (turning into hypotension)
Rapid, shallow breathing
12 Leads ECG Findings:
Q Waves and T Wave Inversions Correct Answers Indicates
infarction
12 Leads ECG Findings:
ST Depression Correct Answers Indicates ischemia
12 Leads ECG Findings:
ST Elevation Correct Answers Indicates injury
1500 Method Correct Answers Count small boxes between
consecutive R waves, divide 1500 by #
i.e. 21 little boxes between... 1500/21 = 71 bpm
300 Method Correct Answers Count big boxes between
consecutive R waves, divide 300 by #
i.e. 4 boxes between... 300/4 = 75 bpm
6 Second Rule Correct Answers Count # of QRS complexes in
6 second strip
Multiply by 10
ACE Inhibitor Correct Answers Decrease peripheral vascular
resistance (vasodilation, decr BP)
Acidosis Correct Answers pH < 7.35
Metabolic: HCO3 < 22 mmol/L
,Cause: ketoacidosis, renal failure, lactic acidosis
Respiratory: PCO2 >45 mmHg
Cause: hypoventilation, impaired gas exchange
Action Potential: Depolarization Correct Answers Stimulation
phase, +90V
Straight up on graph
Gates open while Na pours in and K flows out
Action Potential: Repolarization Correct Answers Plateau
while electrolytes move (i.e. Ca+)
Downwards slope while Na/K pump resets ion positioning
through active transport
Acute Coronary Syndrome Correct Answers Umbrella term for
conditions that result in decrease blood flow to heart/prolonged
oxygen suplpy+demand imbalance
Unstable Angina (moreso than stable)
STEMI
non-STEMI
Acute Heart Failure Correct Answers An emergency in which
pt was previously asymptomatic. Adaptive mechanisms that
previously maintained can no longer keep up.
Sx: incr RR< hRR, sputum, SOB, dyspnea, crackles/wheeze,
anxiety, decr sats
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Correct Answers
Sudden, progressive and triphasic form of acute respiratory
, failure in which the alveolar-capillary interface becomes
damaged and alveoli fill with fluid. From direct or indirect lung
injury.
Does not respond to O2 therapy
NSG: ICU support with ventilator, nutritional support, prone
positioning, sxtx meds, suction
Acute Respiratory Failure
NSG Assessment Correct Answers Positioning, speaking
pattern
Insp/exp ratio (should be 1:2, problem is 1:1)
RR, HR, BP, breath sounds
LOC
Cap refill, pulses
Urine Output
Acute Respiratory Failure
NSG Interventions Correct Answers Positioning (sit up, "good"
lung down)
O2
Secretion clearance
Acute Respiratory Failure
Symptoms Correct Answers Altered LOC (brain cannot store
oxygen)
Tachycardia
Headache (vasodilation)
Mild HTN (turning into hypotension)
Rapid, shallow breathing
