WJEC Criminology Unit 2
What is deviance? - ANS-Deviance is behaviour which goes against socially acceptable codes
of conduct
What are the 3 types of deviance? - ANS-Behaviour which is unusual, but good
Behaviour which is unusual, and eccentric
Behaviour which is unusual, but bad
What social characteristics are needed for something to be classed as relative deviant concept -
ANS-Age & Gender
Formal sanctions against deviance - ANS-Criminal Behavioural Order
Fines
Disciplinary action
Informal sanctions against deviance - ANS-Judgement
Stigmatisation
Margininalisation
Ridicule
What is the legal definition of crime? - ANS-An act which breaks the law and is subject to official
punishment
What are the two elements of crime? - ANS-actus reus
mens rea
What does actus reus mean? - ANS-guilty act
What does men's rea mean - ANS-guilty mind
What is a crime in terms of actus reus and men's rea? - ANS-An act which breaks the law with
bad intentions, it's done deliberately
Exceptions to crime in terms of actus reus and men's rea - ANS-Strict liability; self defence &
manslaughter
Without both actus reus and men's rea the offender receives... - ANS-A lesser sentence
What are the 3 types of offences? - ANS-Summary Offence - Tried by a
magistrate.(eg.shoplifting)
Hybrid Offence - Either magistrate or crown court. (eg. burglary)
Indictable Offence - Tried by crown court only. (eg. murder or rape)
, How long do crimes for armed offences be sentenced to? - ANS-25 years minimum
Crimes can be classified in terms of the nature of the crime... - ANS-Violence against the person
(GBH)
Sexual offences (Rape)
Offences against property (burglary)
Fraud & Forgery (identity theft)
Criminal Damage (Vandalism)
Drug offences (possession & distribution)
Public order offences (Anti- Social Behaviour)
What is the social definition of crime? - ANS-Behavior that offends the social code of a
community
Give an example of social crime - ANS-Forced Marriages at 14 in Bangladesh
What are the three aspects of social crime? - ANS-Differing views: Differing views on what acts
are defined as illegal (speeding & vagrancy)
Law enforcement: Not all crimes are enforced by police as they don't personally believe in
enforcing it (smoking cannabis)
Law making : Politicians decide what constitutes a crime and the public may not always agree
(Dangerous dog act)
Court sanctions for criminals - ANS-Custodial sentences (prisons & institutions)
Discharge (guilty, but not convicted, minor)
Community sentences and fines
Police sanctions for criminals - ANS-Penalty notices (driving, pay money)
Cautions (evidence of bad character)
Conditional Caution (must abide rules to avoid persecution)
Acts which are criminal, but not deviant - ANS-Illegal downloading
Speeding
Homelessness
Acts which are deviant, but not criminal - ANS-Queue jumping
Speaking loudly in a doctors waiting room
What is meant by the social construction of criminality? - ANS-Crimes are not an objective
reality, they are subjective and based on personal views and social factors whether or not
something is regarded as a crime.
What is deviance? - ANS-Deviance is behaviour which goes against socially acceptable codes
of conduct
What are the 3 types of deviance? - ANS-Behaviour which is unusual, but good
Behaviour which is unusual, and eccentric
Behaviour which is unusual, but bad
What social characteristics are needed for something to be classed as relative deviant concept -
ANS-Age & Gender
Formal sanctions against deviance - ANS-Criminal Behavioural Order
Fines
Disciplinary action
Informal sanctions against deviance - ANS-Judgement
Stigmatisation
Margininalisation
Ridicule
What is the legal definition of crime? - ANS-An act which breaks the law and is subject to official
punishment
What are the two elements of crime? - ANS-actus reus
mens rea
What does actus reus mean? - ANS-guilty act
What does men's rea mean - ANS-guilty mind
What is a crime in terms of actus reus and men's rea? - ANS-An act which breaks the law with
bad intentions, it's done deliberately
Exceptions to crime in terms of actus reus and men's rea - ANS-Strict liability; self defence &
manslaughter
Without both actus reus and men's rea the offender receives... - ANS-A lesser sentence
What are the 3 types of offences? - ANS-Summary Offence - Tried by a
magistrate.(eg.shoplifting)
Hybrid Offence - Either magistrate or crown court. (eg. burglary)
Indictable Offence - Tried by crown court only. (eg. murder or rape)
, How long do crimes for armed offences be sentenced to? - ANS-25 years minimum
Crimes can be classified in terms of the nature of the crime... - ANS-Violence against the person
(GBH)
Sexual offences (Rape)
Offences against property (burglary)
Fraud & Forgery (identity theft)
Criminal Damage (Vandalism)
Drug offences (possession & distribution)
Public order offences (Anti- Social Behaviour)
What is the social definition of crime? - ANS-Behavior that offends the social code of a
community
Give an example of social crime - ANS-Forced Marriages at 14 in Bangladesh
What are the three aspects of social crime? - ANS-Differing views: Differing views on what acts
are defined as illegal (speeding & vagrancy)
Law enforcement: Not all crimes are enforced by police as they don't personally believe in
enforcing it (smoking cannabis)
Law making : Politicians decide what constitutes a crime and the public may not always agree
(Dangerous dog act)
Court sanctions for criminals - ANS-Custodial sentences (prisons & institutions)
Discharge (guilty, but not convicted, minor)
Community sentences and fines
Police sanctions for criminals - ANS-Penalty notices (driving, pay money)
Cautions (evidence of bad character)
Conditional Caution (must abide rules to avoid persecution)
Acts which are criminal, but not deviant - ANS-Illegal downloading
Speeding
Homelessness
Acts which are deviant, but not criminal - ANS-Queue jumping
Speaking loudly in a doctors waiting room
What is meant by the social construction of criminality? - ANS-Crimes are not an objective
reality, they are subjective and based on personal views and social factors whether or not
something is regarded as a crime.
