Psychiatric Nursing Exam One
1. An important difference between the developmental theories of Freud and
Erikson is
a. Freud considers the entire lifespan from birth to old age.
b. Freud focuses to a greater extent on cognitive development.
c. Erikson viewed individual growth in terms of social setting.
d. Erikson focuses on development of individual moral thinking Ans: c.
Erikson viewed individual growth in terms of social setting.
Erikson placed greater emphasis on the role of the ego. He also stressed that an in-
dividual's development is influenced by more than the restricted mother-child-father
triangle and that culture and society exert significant influence on personality.
2. Maslow's theory of Humanistic Psychology has provided nursing with a
framework for
a. holistic assessment.
b. determining moral development.
c. identifying potential for success in therapy.
d. conducting nurse-client interpersonal interactions Ans: a. holistic
assessment.
,Central to Maslow's theory is the assumption that human beings are active rather
than passive participants in life, striving for self-actualization. Maslow (1968) focuses
on human need fulfillment, which he describes in six incremental stages; beginning
with physiological survival needs and ending with self-transcendent needs (Figure
2-5). Although these needs are present in all human beings, the behaviors that
emanate from them differ according to a person's individual biological makeup and
environmental factors. This picture is broader and more holistic.
3. The premise underlying behavioral therapy is
a. behavior is learned and can be modified.
b. behavior is a product of unconscious drives.
c. motives must change before behavior changes.
d. behavior is determined by cognitions. Change in cognitions produces new
behavior Ans: a. behavior is learned and can be modified.
The premise underlying behavior therapy is that behavior is learned and can be
modified. Behaviorists agree that behavior can be changed without insight into the
underlying cause.
4. The nurse planning care for a 14-year-old needs to take into account that the
developmental task of adolescence is to
a. establish trust.
,b. gain autonomy.
, c. achieve identity.
d. develop a sense of industry Ans: c. achieve identity.
According to Erikson, the task of adolescence is to achieve identity rather than to
be left in role confusion. A sense of identity is essential to making the transition into
adulthood.
5. Sullivan viewed anxiety as
a. emotional experience felt after the age of 5 years.
b. a sign of guilt in adults.
c. any painful feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity.
d. adults trying to go beyond experiences of guilt and pain Ans: c. any painful
feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity.
According to Sullivan, the purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through
interpersonal interactions and decrease or avoid anxiety. He viewed anxiety as a key
concept and defined it as any painful feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity
or blocks to getting biological needs satisfied.
6. Which statement best clarifies the difference between the art and science
of nursing?
a. The art is the care, compassion, and advocacy component, and the science
1. An important difference between the developmental theories of Freud and
Erikson is
a. Freud considers the entire lifespan from birth to old age.
b. Freud focuses to a greater extent on cognitive development.
c. Erikson viewed individual growth in terms of social setting.
d. Erikson focuses on development of individual moral thinking Ans: c.
Erikson viewed individual growth in terms of social setting.
Erikson placed greater emphasis on the role of the ego. He also stressed that an in-
dividual's development is influenced by more than the restricted mother-child-father
triangle and that culture and society exert significant influence on personality.
2. Maslow's theory of Humanistic Psychology has provided nursing with a
framework for
a. holistic assessment.
b. determining moral development.
c. identifying potential for success in therapy.
d. conducting nurse-client interpersonal interactions Ans: a. holistic
assessment.
,Central to Maslow's theory is the assumption that human beings are active rather
than passive participants in life, striving for self-actualization. Maslow (1968) focuses
on human need fulfillment, which he describes in six incremental stages; beginning
with physiological survival needs and ending with self-transcendent needs (Figure
2-5). Although these needs are present in all human beings, the behaviors that
emanate from them differ according to a person's individual biological makeup and
environmental factors. This picture is broader and more holistic.
3. The premise underlying behavioral therapy is
a. behavior is learned and can be modified.
b. behavior is a product of unconscious drives.
c. motives must change before behavior changes.
d. behavior is determined by cognitions. Change in cognitions produces new
behavior Ans: a. behavior is learned and can be modified.
The premise underlying behavior therapy is that behavior is learned and can be
modified. Behaviorists agree that behavior can be changed without insight into the
underlying cause.
4. The nurse planning care for a 14-year-old needs to take into account that the
developmental task of adolescence is to
a. establish trust.
,b. gain autonomy.
, c. achieve identity.
d. develop a sense of industry Ans: c. achieve identity.
According to Erikson, the task of adolescence is to achieve identity rather than to
be left in role confusion. A sense of identity is essential to making the transition into
adulthood.
5. Sullivan viewed anxiety as
a. emotional experience felt after the age of 5 years.
b. a sign of guilt in adults.
c. any painful feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity.
d. adults trying to go beyond experiences of guilt and pain Ans: c. any painful
feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity.
According to Sullivan, the purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through
interpersonal interactions and decrease or avoid anxiety. He viewed anxiety as a key
concept and defined it as any painful feeling or emotion arising from social insecurity
or blocks to getting biological needs satisfied.
6. Which statement best clarifies the difference between the art and science
of nursing?
a. The art is the care, compassion, and advocacy component, and the science
