SEM580 Finals Study Set 2024/2025
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Research - highest level of evidence - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Randomized
Controlled Trials - Research designed as a clinical trial with prospective
data collection and randomization of patients.
Expert opinion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔recommendations of individuals who have
expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group's
decision-making process
Functions of the skin - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Protection, Thermoregulation,
Cutaneous Sensation, Vitamin D synthesis, Blood Reservoir, Excretion,
and Absorption.
Epidermis layers - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔stratum corneum (outer), stratum
lucidum (feet and hands), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum
basale (innermost)
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,Renewal of Epidermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Every 26-42 Days, stem cells from
basale evolve to keratinocytes and mature and migrate upward to corneum
with differentiation
Cells of the Epidermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Keratinocytes - keratin, 80% of
epidermis
Melanocytes - color of skin
Langerhans cells - assist in immunity
Merkel cells - tactile reception
Rete Pegs (ridges) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fingerlike extensions that anchor
epidermis to dermis
Epidermis acidic barrier - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pH 4.5 - 6.5, protects against
bacteria and environmental pollutants, regulates the skin's oil and TEWL.
The highest pH values are observed in the most hydrated areas, such as
skin folds.
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water loss caused
by evaporation on the skin's surface. When the skin is damaged, increased
TEWL occurs, and results in excess water loss/dehydration of tissues
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Dermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Second and thickest layer of skin. It provides
strength, elasticity and nourishment to the epidermis.
Dermal proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Collagen (Type 1 and Type 3) - tensile
strength
Elastin - Coil shape to provide stretch & return to its original shape, not
replaced with wound healing thus scar is "stiff"
Fibroblasts - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Produce collagen and ground substance of
extracellular matrix
Epidermal appendages - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hair, sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, nails. Helps with epithelialization. If lost, epithelialization only
occurs at edges.
Hypodermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a
layer of fat located under the dermis of the skin. It cushions, insulates and
adds to mobility of the skin over underlying structures.
Muscle layer - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The muscle layer has a higher metabolic
rate than either the skin or hypodermis tissue. Muscle is the layer most
vulnerable to pressure over a bony prominence (pressure injuries)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Research - highest level of evidence - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Randomized
Controlled Trials - Research designed as a clinical trial with prospective
data collection and randomization of patients.
Expert opinion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔recommendations of individuals who have
expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group's
decision-making process
Functions of the skin - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Protection, Thermoregulation,
Cutaneous Sensation, Vitamin D synthesis, Blood Reservoir, Excretion,
and Absorption.
Epidermis layers - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔stratum corneum (outer), stratum
lucidum (feet and hands), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum
basale (innermost)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Renewal of Epidermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Every 26-42 Days, stem cells from
basale evolve to keratinocytes and mature and migrate upward to corneum
with differentiation
Cells of the Epidermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Keratinocytes - keratin, 80% of
epidermis
Melanocytes - color of skin
Langerhans cells - assist in immunity
Merkel cells - tactile reception
Rete Pegs (ridges) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fingerlike extensions that anchor
epidermis to dermis
Epidermis acidic barrier - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pH 4.5 - 6.5, protects against
bacteria and environmental pollutants, regulates the skin's oil and TEWL.
The highest pH values are observed in the most hydrated areas, such as
skin folds.
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water loss caused
by evaporation on the skin's surface. When the skin is damaged, increased
TEWL occurs, and results in excess water loss/dehydration of tissues
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Dermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Second and thickest layer of skin. It provides
strength, elasticity and nourishment to the epidermis.
Dermal proteins - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Collagen (Type 1 and Type 3) - tensile
strength
Elastin - Coil shape to provide stretch & return to its original shape, not
replaced with wound healing thus scar is "stiff"
Fibroblasts - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Produce collagen and ground substance of
extracellular matrix
Epidermal appendages - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hair, sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, nails. Helps with epithelialization. If lost, epithelialization only
occurs at edges.
Hypodermis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a
layer of fat located under the dermis of the skin. It cushions, insulates and
adds to mobility of the skin over underlying structures.
Muscle layer - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The muscle layer has a higher metabolic
rate than either the skin or hypodermis tissue. Muscle is the layer most
vulnerable to pressure over a bony prominence (pressure injuries)
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
