patho PA and course questions with verified
answers
A 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and
lower lip swelling. The patient's
parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over several days.
The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show hyperactivation of
three plasma protein systems. The
APRN suspects hereditary angioedema.
What is the cause of the genetic defect suspected in this situation?
Plasminogen
Hageman factor
Bradykinin
C1 esterase inhibitor Ans✓✓✓ C1 esterase inhibitor
A 29-year-old female patient presents with concerns about fertility. The patient
states she has had amenorrhea
every other month and weight gain, and her labs show decreased FSH, decreased
estrogen, and altered TSH.
Which female reproductive disorders should be considered for this patient?
Premature ovarian failure and ovarian dysfunction
Hyperprolactinemia and uterine dysfunction
Hyperprolactinemia and PCOS ovarian tumor
Gonadal dysgenesis and adrenal tumor Ans✓✓✓ Hyperprolactinemia and PCOS
ovarian tumor
,A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever
of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further evaluation with a workup to include a
blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
High levels of mannose-binding lectin
Relative deficiency of factor B
Excess collectin and collectin-like protein
Dysfunctional chemotactic factor response Ans✓✓✓ Relative deficiency of factor
B
A 34-year-old patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension, and an advanced
practice registered nurse (APRN) is
reviewing the causes of the problem with the patient.
What is a cause of this diagnosis?
Genetics
Renal disease
Oral contraceptives
Obstructive sleep apnea Ans✓✓✓ Genetics
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) in a primary care clinic for the
first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a major life change.
Additional symptoms include weight
,gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient
with several exercises to reduce the
physiological effect of stress.
Why is the APRN concerned about relieving this emotional response?
It increases protein synthesis.
It increases smooth muscle contraction.
It decreases glucose uptake. Ans✓✓✓ It decreases glucose uptake.
A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs treatment. An
advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) is aware that three factors affect hormone target cell responses when
determining a treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Limited concentration of organs
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors Ans✓✓✓ Affinity of receptor for the
hormones
A 56-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with acute chest
pain on the day after the funeral of a
spouse. Diagnostic results reveal ST elevation and elevated troponins.
What is the probable diagnosis of these symptoms?
Unstable angina
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Ventricular aneurysm
, Pulmonary hypertension Ans✓✓✓ Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
A child presents to a clinic with a fever, conjunctivitis, and a strawberry tongue.
An advanced practice registered
nurse (APRN) assesses the patient, and stage IV Kawasaki disease is suspected.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Constriction of the ductal tissue
Obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract
Obstruction of blood flow to the vessels and aorta
Intimal thickening and stenosis of coronary arteries Ans✓✓✓ Intimal thickening
and stenosis of coronary arteries
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The
child is constantly crying and
rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a
complete ophthalmologic examination
and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of
retinoblastoma is confirmed.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the
brain
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Ans✓✓✓ Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic
proliferation of cells
answers
A 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and
lower lip swelling. The patient's
parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over several days.
The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show hyperactivation of
three plasma protein systems. The
APRN suspects hereditary angioedema.
What is the cause of the genetic defect suspected in this situation?
Plasminogen
Hageman factor
Bradykinin
C1 esterase inhibitor Ans✓✓✓ C1 esterase inhibitor
A 29-year-old female patient presents with concerns about fertility. The patient
states she has had amenorrhea
every other month and weight gain, and her labs show decreased FSH, decreased
estrogen, and altered TSH.
Which female reproductive disorders should be considered for this patient?
Premature ovarian failure and ovarian dysfunction
Hyperprolactinemia and uterine dysfunction
Hyperprolactinemia and PCOS ovarian tumor
Gonadal dysgenesis and adrenal tumor Ans✓✓✓ Hyperprolactinemia and PCOS
ovarian tumor
,A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever
of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further evaluation with a workup to include a
blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
High levels of mannose-binding lectin
Relative deficiency of factor B
Excess collectin and collectin-like protein
Dysfunctional chemotactic factor response Ans✓✓✓ Relative deficiency of factor
B
A 34-year-old patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension, and an advanced
practice registered nurse (APRN) is
reviewing the causes of the problem with the patient.
What is a cause of this diagnosis?
Genetics
Renal disease
Oral contraceptives
Obstructive sleep apnea Ans✓✓✓ Genetics
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) in a primary care clinic for the
first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a major life change.
Additional symptoms include weight
,gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient
with several exercises to reduce the
physiological effect of stress.
Why is the APRN concerned about relieving this emotional response?
It increases protein synthesis.
It increases smooth muscle contraction.
It decreases glucose uptake. Ans✓✓✓ It decreases glucose uptake.
A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs treatment. An
advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) is aware that three factors affect hormone target cell responses when
determining a treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Limited concentration of organs
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors Ans✓✓✓ Affinity of receptor for the
hormones
A 56-year-old patient presents to an emergency department with acute chest
pain on the day after the funeral of a
spouse. Diagnostic results reveal ST elevation and elevated troponins.
What is the probable diagnosis of these symptoms?
Unstable angina
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Ventricular aneurysm
, Pulmonary hypertension Ans✓✓✓ Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
A child presents to a clinic with a fever, conjunctivitis, and a strawberry tongue.
An advanced practice registered
nurse (APRN) assesses the patient, and stage IV Kawasaki disease is suspected.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Constriction of the ductal tissue
Obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract
Obstruction of blood flow to the vessels and aorta
Intimal thickening and stenosis of coronary arteries Ans✓✓✓ Intimal thickening
and stenosis of coronary arteries
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The
child is constantly crying and
rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a
complete ophthalmologic examination
and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of
retinoblastoma is confirmed.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the
brain
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Ans✓✓✓ Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic
proliferation of cells
